| A | B |
|---|
| domestic system | merchants hired workers to produce products such as woolens out of their own homes |
| Industrial Revolution | the time when mechanization and industrialization increased. |
| rural villages | where most people lived during preindustrial times |
| farming | the main occupation of preindustrial societies |
| enclosure movement | laws that allowed wealthy landowners to fence private and public lands into private estates |
| capital | wealth and holding of an individual, country, or business that can be used for investment |
| entrepeneurs | business people who set up new industries by bringing together labor, capital and inventions |
| factory system | where human and mechanical labor are combined in a controlled setting |
| James Hargreaves | inventor of the spinning jenny in the 1760s |
| Richard Arkwright | British barber who in 1768 invented the water frame for industrial spinning |
| Edmund Cartwright | inventor of the power loom in 1787 |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of the cotton gin in 1793 |
| Henry Bessemer | developed a method of making steel from iron |
| industrial capitalism | use of profits to expand industries |
| interchangeable parts | parts that are exactly alike |
| Eli Whitney | inventor who contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts in the early 1800s |
| division of labor | workers perform specialized tasks |
| assembly line | moving belt carrying pieces to workers |
| partnership | two or more people who invest in a business |
| corporation | business depending on stockholders for capital |
| business cycle | period of expansion and decline |
| depression | a business cycle's lowest point |
| Samuel Slater | smuggled British spinning technology to America |
| Henry Ford | mass production in the car industry |
| Samuel Morse | inventor of the telegraph |
| Frederick Taylor | suggested division of labor should be used in factories |
| James Clark Maxwell | said electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light |
| Rudolf Diesel | developed an oil-burning internal combustion engine |
| Alexander Graham Bell | inventor of the telephone |
| the Wright brothers | flew the first successful motorized airplane |
| labor union | group of workers that tries to improve working conditions |
| collective bargaining | when union leaders and employers meet to discuss problems and reach an agreement |
| Combination Acts | banned unions in Great Britain in 1799 and 1800 |
| James Watt | designer of an efficient steam engine |
| Jethro Tull | farmer who invented the seed drill |
| free enterprise | freedom to do business in a competitive market with little government regulation |
| trusts | combinations of similar businesses under the direction of a single group |
| urbanization | growth of cities |
| entrepeneurs | people who invest in new technology or business ventures |
| open-field farming | process in which land was divided into strips and worked by villagers |
