| A | B |
| archipelago | a group or chain of islands |
| heartland | place of a cultures origin |
| modernization | the process by which a country tries to improve its standard of living and gain respect among nations |
| samurai code | a way of living for a certain class in Japan that stresses discipline, liyalty, sacrifice, and selfless labor |
| typhoon | a windstorm that comes to Japan in late summer, called a hurricane in the Americas |
| makoto | the expression of sincerity and fidelity to a person or a company in Japan |
| technopolises | a city that is devoted to the development of new technology |
| buffer state | a smaller country that is located between two or more larger countries |
| DMZ | located along the 38th parallel on the Korean Penninsula |
| juche | a economic self-reliance of a country |
| silicon | sand that is refined to make computer chips |
| metropolis | a large city with several small towns and suburbs linked together |
| megalopolis | a continuous belt of cities that have expanded and merged together |
| peninsula | land area that projects into a body of water |
| petrochemicals | products made from oil |
| paddies | embanked plots of irrigated land on which rice is grown |
| samurai | warrior class that led efforts to modernize Japan in the nineteenth century |
| technopolis | "science city" devoted to the production of high-technology components |
| Seikan Tunnel | the longest undersea tunnel in the world. Connects Hokkaido with northern Honshu. |