| A | B |
|---|
| allele | alternative form of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism |
| cross-pollination | occurs when pollen from the anther of a flower lands on the pistil of a flower on a different plant |
| gene | a segment of DNA that codes for the production of a protein (trait) |
| genetics | the branch of biology that studies the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring |
| heredity | the passing on of characteristics from parent to offspring |
| incomplete dominance | inheretance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is a blending of the other alleles for a trait |
| Punnett square | a short-hand way of finding the expected proportions of possible genotypes in the offspring of a cross |
| purebred | an organism whose parents had similar traits |
| self-pollination | occurs when pollen from the anther of a flower lands on the pistil of a flower on the same plant. |
| trait | characteristic that is inherited can be either dominant or recessive |
| hybrid | an organism whose parents had different traits |
| Law of Segregation | alleles for a gene separate from each other during meiosis |
| Law of Independent Assortment | When dealing with more than one trait the alleles for the different traits move independently from one another into the sex cells |
| homozygous | describes a genotype that has the same alleles for a given trait |
| heterozygous | describes a genotype that has different alleles for a given trait |
| Law of Dominance | when purebred individuals with contrasting characteristics are crossed the dominant characteristic is expressed in the F1 and the recessive is not |
| genotype | an organism's alleles for a trait |
| phenotype | an organism's physical appearance |
| anther | male reproductive part of a flower |
| pistil | female reproductice part of a flower |
| TT and Tt | the possible genotypes for tall pea plants |
| TT and tt | homozygous example |
| Tt | heterozygous example |
| tt | the genotype for a short pea plant |
| recessive | can only be expressed in an offspring when no dominant allele is present |
| dominant | the allele that is expressed no matter what the other allele may be |
| RR | homozygous rough seed coat |
| Rr | heterozygous rough seed coat |
