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| The North and South disagreed over many things, but the issue which divided the nation and led to the Civil War was: | slavery |
| The North was mainly an _____ society in which people held jobs. | urban |
| The South was primarily an __________ society in which people lived in small villages and on farms and plantations. | agricultural |
| What are tariffs? | Taxes on imported goods |
| Who wanted tariffs, the North of the South? | The North |
| Why did the North want tariffs on imported goods? | To protect factory owners and workers from foreign competition. |
| Why did the South oppose tariffs? | Tariffs would cause prices of goods to increase. |
| Another major conflict between the North and South was the issue of: | strong central government |
| Name 3 issues that divided the North and the South? | slavery; tariffs, and states' rights vs. strong central government |
| The North believed that the nation was a union and: | could not be divided |
| Southerners believed that they had the power to declare any national law _______. | illegal |
| Northerners believed that the national government's power was: | supreme over that of the states |
| Southerners felt that the abolition of slavery would destroy their region's: | agricultural economy |
| Northerners believed that slavery should be abolished because it was: | morally wrong |
| Name 3 compromises that attempted to resolve differences over slavery in new states joining the Union. | Missouri Compromise (1820); Compromise of l850; Kansas-Nebraska Act |
| What was the result of the Missouri Compromise (1820)? | Missouri entered the Union as a slave state; Maine, as a free state |
| What was the result of the Compromise of l850? | California would be a free state. The Southwest territories would decide about slavery themselves |
| What was the result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? | People in these territories would decide the slavery issue by popular vote ("popular sovereignty"). |
| The purpose of the 3 compromises was: | to keep the number of slave and free states equal so neither side would gain control of Congress |
| What happened after Lincoln became president? | The southern states seceded from the Union |
| What event marked the beginning of the Civil War? | Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, in South Carolina |
| Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the United States was one nation that could not be: | separated or divided |
| Most Southerners believed that states had freely created and joined the union, and could therefore: | freely leave it |
| The states that seceded from the Union favored slavery because they were: | dependent upon labor-intensive cash crops |
| Alabama; Arkansas; Florida; Georgia; Louisiana; Mississippi; North Carolina; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas; Virginia. What did these states do? | They seceded from the Union |
| Which four slave states stayed in the Union? | Delaware; Kentucky; Maryland; Missouri |
| The four slave states that stayed in the Union were called: | Border states |
| Western counties of Virginia that refused to secede from the Union formed: | the state of West Virginia |
| During the Civil war, Abraham Lincoln was: | President |
| Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to: | free the slaves |
| Lincoln was determined to ________, by force if necessary. | preserve the Union |
| Lincoln believed the United States was one nation, not a: | collection of independent states |
| Who wrote the Gettysburg Address? | Lincoln |
| In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln said that said the Civil War was being fought to preserve a government: | "of the people, by the people, and for the people." |
| Who was president of the Confederate States of America? | Jefferson Davis |
| Who was general of the Union army that defeated Lee? | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Who was leader of the Army of Northern Virginia? | Robert E. Lee |
| Who was offered command of the Union forces at the beginning of the war but chose not to fight against Virginia? | Robert E. Lee |
| At the end of the war, what did Lee urge Southerners to do? | Lee urged Southerners to accept defeat and reunite as Americans, even though some Southerners wanted to keep fighting. |
| How were Lincoln and Lee's views about the Union the same and how did they differ? | Both wanted to preserve the Union, but Lincoln was willing to do it by force, and Lee did not think the Union should be held together by force. |
| Who was Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson? | A skilled Confederate general from Virginia who played a big role in the First Battle of Bull Run. |
| Who was Frederick Douglass? | A former slave who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist |
| What event began the Civil War? | The firing on Fort Sumter, S.C. |
| What was the first major battle of the Civil War? | The first Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) |
| What was an important result of the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation? | It made "freeing the slaves" the new focus of the war. Many freed slaves joined the Union army. |
| What was the result of the Battle of Vicksburg? | The North got control of the Mississippi River. This divided the South in two parts. |
| What battle was considered the turning point of the war? | The Battle of Gettysburg, where the North repelled Lee's invasion. |
| What happened at Appomattox Court House in 1865? | Lee's surrender to Grant ended the war |
| Describe life and conditions on the battlefield? | Extremely harsh; many died from disease and exposure. |
| What hardships were experienced during the Civil War? | Families and friends were often pitted against one another; Disease was a major killer; Combat was brutal and often man-to-man. |
| What was women's role in the war? | Women were left to run businesses in the North and farms and plantations in the South. |
| Who was the Civil War nurse, who created the American Red Cross? | Clara Barton |
| What was the condition of the South at the end of the war? | Much of the South was destroyed by the end of the war; Richmond and Atlanta had were burned;Confederate money was worthless |
| What was the role of African Americans in the Civil War? | They fought in both the Confederate and Union armies. |
| How were African American Soldiers treated? | African American soldiers were paid less than white soldiers; African American soldiers were discriminated against and served in segregated units under the command of white officers. |
| A brave and heroic African American sailor and later a Union naval captain who became a Congressman after the Civil War was: | Robert Smalls |
| Which amendments were added to the Constitution after the war to address the issues of slavery and guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens? | The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments |
| Which amendment banned slavery? | The 13th Amendment |
| Which amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guaranteed them equal protection under the law? | The 14th Amendment |
| Which amendment insured all citizens the right to vote regardless of race? | The 15th Amendment |
| What do the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments do? | They guarantee equal protection under the law for all citizens. |
| The period after the Civil War is called: | Reconstruction |
| What were some Reconstruction policies? | Northern soldiers supervised the South and Southern military leaders could not hold office; African Americans gained equal rights and some held public office. |
| What was the purpose of Civil Rights Act of 1866? | It gave equal rights to African Americans |
| What were some of the problems created by Reconstruction policies? | The Reconstruction policies were harsh and created resentment; Southerners resented northern "carpetbaggers" |
| What was the importance of the battle of Gettysburg? | It was a battle for control of the high ground. The turning point of the war; the North repelled Lee's invasion |
| What happened near the Southern towns of Savannah, Charleston, New Orleans? | The Union blockaded southern ports here |
| Richmond; Washington, D.C. were the: | Confederate and Union capitals -Battles here were struggles to capture capital cities |
| Who was Clara Barton? | A Civil War nurse, created the American Red Cross |
| What happened to Confederate money after the Civil War? | It became worthless after the collapse of the Confederacy |
