| A | B |
|---|
| soluble | broken down molecules that can go through the cell membrane are called----- |
| intracellular | digestion that occurs inside the vacuoles of the cell |
| extracellular | digestion that takes place outside the cell |
| insoluble | a molecule that can't go through the cell membrane (too big) is called--- |
| autotroph | organism that can make its own food example: plants and protists |
| heterotrophs | organism that cannot make its own food example: animals and fungi |
| mechanical digestion | the physical breakdown of food---cut, crushed--break into smaller pieces. Increase in surface area. |
| chemical digestion | involves the chemical breakdown of food---churned out by the digestive enzymes |
| liver | this accessory organ secretes bile |
| gall bladder | this accessory organ stores bile |
| large intestine | water and minerals are absorbed into the blood here |
| small intestine | most of the chemical digestion of food and the absorbtion of food takes place here |
| anus | solid waste are eliminated from the body through this |
| villi | fingerlike projections in small intestine that absorbs nutrients |
| ingestion | taking in of nutrients |
| digestion | the breaking down of food in both size and form |
| bile | emulsifies lipids |
| lacteal | fatty acids and glycerol absorbed through the villi into here |
| capillaries | monosaccharides and amino acids absorbed through the villi into here |
| glycogen | this is stored glucose in humans |
| function of the villi | to increase surface area for digestion to take place |
| large intestines | absorbs water |
| vitamins, minerals and water | these don't need to be digested (soluble) |
| carbohydrates, proteins, lipids | These need to be digested in order to be absorbed and used by the water (they are insoluble) |
| What is the purpose of consuming roughage? | It passes through the digestive tract unchanged and helps to push foods through. |
| What influences a person's nutritonal needs? | age, sex, physical activity |
| How is the energy content in food measured? | calories |
| Why is fiber indigestible? | It can't break down (digest) the cell wall food in plants. |
| What is roughage(fiber)? | Indigestivle materials in food |
| What is the function of the gizzard? | Food is ground by teeth-like plates |
| Where do enzymes for ameba digestion come from? | lysosomes |
| Digested proteins are called... | Amino acids (building blocks) |
| Digested lipids are called... | fatty acids and glycerol |
| Digested carbohydrates are called... | monosaccharides, simple sugars |
| Human digestive system | Made up on a one way (gastrointestinal tract (GI) passage along with certain accessory organs |
| Mouth | contains teeth, tongue, salivary glands. |
| Salivary amylase | secrete saliva in the mouth and contains this enzyme which begins digestion of carbohydrates (starches) |
| Stomach | digests protein |
| Protease | This enzyme begins the digestion of protein |
| Stomach | Contains hydrochloric acid |
| Small intestine | Partially digested foods enters this from the stomach |
| Pepsin | Digestive enzyme found in gastric juice |
| In addition od digestible nutrients, human food must contain indigestible material called | roughage |
| Among the nutrients that can be absorbed without idgestion are the | vitamins |
| The nutrient used by the body for growth and replacement of tissues is | protein |
| Excess glucose is stored in the body as | glycogen |
| The chemical digestion of which nutrient begins in the stomach? | protein |
| In humans, digestive glands are found in the | mouth, stomach and small intestine |
| The function of bile is to | break down fats into small droplets |
| In humans, most protein digestion occurs in the | stomach and small intestine |
| Lipase aids in the digestion of | fats |
| The fundamental building blocks of proteins are... | amino acids |
| The hydrolysis of a protein in the stomach requires the presence of | a protease |
| What organic compound undergoes partial chemical digestion in the human mouth? | carbohydrates |
| A heterotroph... | consume preformed organic compounds |
| The end product of carbohydrate digestion is... | glucose |
| Large insoluble food molecules are changed into small soluble food molecules by the process of | hydrolysis |
| A cellular organelle in protozoans that performs a function similar to that of the small intestine in humans is the | food vacuole |
| Based on their pattern of nutrition, most animals are classified as | heterotrophic |
| The grinding action of food which occurs in the gizzard of a grasshopper is an example of which nutritional process? | mechanical digestion |
| An organism that digests its food by intracellular digestion only is the... | ameba |
| An organism that lacks a one-way digestive system is the... | hydra |
| An organism that ingest food by engulfing it with pseudopods is the ... | ameba |
| Aminals cannot synthesize nutrients from inorganic raw materials. Therefore animals obtain their nutrients by... | consuming preformed organic compounds |
| An organism with a one-way digestive tube is the... | earthworm |
| teeth | Breaks pieces of food down mechanically and exposes a large surface area for enzyme action |
