| A | B |
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| Cell Theory | The _______ states that 1) all living things are made of cells and 2) all cells come from other cells. |
| nucleus | The organelle that is the control center of the cell is the _____ |
| cell membrane | The _________ allows molecules to enter and leave the cell. |
| plant cells | The characteristics that distinguish between plant and animals is that _________ have cell walls and chloroplasts |
| Diffusion | ________ is a process by which molecules move from a higher concentration to a lower consentration. |
| Osmosis | ________ is the diffusion of water across a cell membrane. |
| active transport | The process in the cell that uses energy to move molecules into the cell is called _________________. |
| photosynthesis | During _____________ , plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen. |
| energy | Nearly all living things obtain the _______ they need either directly or indirectly from the sun. |
| Respiration | _________ is the process in which cells break down sugars to release energy they contain. |
| Cancer | __________ begins when the normal cell cycle is disrupted by mutation , causing cells to divide in an uncontrolled way. |
| phenotype | An organisms ___________ is its physical appearance. |
| genotype | An organisms ___________ is its genetic makeup. |
| Sex cells | ____________ have half the number of chromosomes as regular body cells. |
| trait | A________ is a characteristic that an organism can pass down to its offspring through its genes. |
| DNA | _____ is the genetic makeup of all living organisms and is located in the chromosomes of each cell. |
| Genes | ________ are located on the chromosomes of each cell and act together to produce a single trait. |
| dominant allele | A____________ is one whos trait shows up when that allele is present. |
| mutation | A _________ is a change in a gene or chromosome. Some are harmful ,some are helpful and some are neutral. |
| recessive allele | A_________ is masked whenever the dominant allele is present. |
| species | A _________ is a group of similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. |
| scientific theory | A___________ is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations. |
| Evolution | ________ occurs when species gradually change over many generations and become better adapted to new conditions. |
| Natural selection | ________ is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to the enviroment survive and reproduce. |
| Evidence of evolution | ______________ comes from geology , fossils and comparative anatomy. |
| rock cycle | The ___________ is the series of process on and beneath the earths surface that changes one type of rock to another. |
| Fossils | __________ are usually found in sedimentary rocks and provide evidence of how life has changed over time. |
| geologic time scale | The ______________ is a record of the life forms and geologic event that have happened in earths history. |
| Pangaea | During the Permian Period, Earths continents joined together to form a supercontinent called ___________. |
| exstinction of the dinosaurs | The ______________ occured at the end of the Mesozoic Era. |
| classification | Biologists use _______________ to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study. |
| kingdom, phlya,class,order,family,genus and species | Organisms are classified into seven levels: _________________________.(hint:King Philip Crossed Over From Germany Sunday.) |
| Homo Sapiens | Humans as a species are named _____________. |
| spontaneous generation | The idea that life could spring from nonliving matter is called _________. |
| autotroph | An organism that can make its own food is called an ________. |
| heterotroph | An organism that can not make its own food is called an ___________. |
| six kingdoms | The system of classification in use today includes __________ of living things.(archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants and animals) |
| virus | A ________ is a small, nonliving particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell. |
| Bacteria | ________ are single celled organisms with no nucleus. |
| viral diseases | There is no cure for _____________. |
| antibiotics | Bacterial diseases can cured through the use of __________. |
| Protists | _____________ are single celled organisms that have no nucleus and live in moist environments. |
| Fungi | ___________ are organisms that have nuclei, use spores to reproduce and are heteotrophs. |
| cellulose | Plants cell have walls that are made up mostly of_________, a type of sugar. |
| chloroplasts | Plant cells have _________ where energy from the sun is converted into food. |
| stems | Plant ________ support the plant and transport material between the roots and the leaves. |
| roots | The _______ of a plant anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals |
| seed plants | All ________ have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce. |
| Seeds | _______ are a structure that contain a young plant and have 3 parts; an embryo, stored food and a seed coat. |
| Gymnosperms | _____ are seed plants that produce "naked seeds". Most of these plants have cones and needle like leaves. |
| Angiosperms | __________ are plants that produce "covered seeds". These seeds are enclosed in fruit and formed in flowers. |
| cones | Gymnosperms produce pollen in the male______ and eggs in the female ______. |
| pollen | The male parts of a flower produce _________. |
| eggs | The female part of a flower produce_______,. |
| tropism | A________ is a plants response towards or away from a stimulis. Plants respond to touch, light and gravity. |
| Animals | ________ are a muticellular organism that obtain food by eating other organisms. |
| herbivores | Animals that eat only plants are called __________. |
| carnivores | Animals that eat only other animals are called __________. |
| omnivores | Animals that eat both plants and animals are called __________. |
| metamorphsis | The change in some animals from egg, larva, pupa into adult is called __________. |
| exoskelsketon | An ______________ is a waxy, waterproof shell found on some animals. |
| endoskeleton | An ____________ is an internal framework that support some animals bodies. |
| A) vertebrate B) invertebrate | A)_______ animals have a backbone that is part of its endoskeleton. B) An animal without a backbone is called a_________. |
| cold blooded | Animals with body temperature close to there enviroment are considered_____________. |
| Warm blooded | _____________ animals have a stable body temperature that is usually much higher then there enviroment. |
| Mammals | ___________ are vertebrates that are warm blooded, have hair, have teeth adapted to there eating habit. |
| cell, tissue, organs and organ systems | The levels of organization in the human body consist of _______________. |
| tissue | A _________ is a group of cells that preform the same function. There are four basic groups of __________; muscle, nerve, connective and epithelial. |
| skeleton | The ____________ provides shape and support, enables movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells and stores materials. |
| Skeleton muscles | ____________ are voluntary muscles attached to the bones of the skeleton. |
| Smooth muscles | ______________ are involuntay muscles lining the internal organs and blood vessels. |
| Skin | _______ protects the body, regulates body temperature, gets rid of wastes and produces vitamin D. |
| six nutrients | The __________ necessary for human health are carbohydrates, fats, protiens, vitimiams, minerals and water. |
| digestive system | The functions of the ________ are to to break down food, absorb food molecules into the blood and eliminate wastes. |
| small intestine | Almost all chemical digestion and absorbtion into the blood takes place in the ______________. |
| cardiovascular system | The ______________ consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. |
| capillaries | In the _____________, food, vitamins, waste products, oyxgen, and carbon dioxide are exchanges between the blood and the blood cells. |
| A,B,AB,O | There are four blood types; ____________. |
| Red blood cells | ___________ carry oxygen. |
| White blood cells | _____________ fight disease. |
| Platelets | _________ in the blood are important in forming blood cells. |
| Atherosclerosis | _____________ is a condition in which an artery wall thickens due to build of cholesterol and other fatty materials. |
| respiratory system | The ____________ moves oyxgen into the body and carbon dioxide from the body. |
| alveoli | In the ________ of the lungs , oyxgen moves from the air into the blood, while cardon dioxide and water move from blood to air. |
| excretory system | The _______________ removes carbon dioxide, urea, water and other wastes from the body. |
| Infectious diseases | ___________ are caused by pathogens; bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protists. |
| 3 lines of defense | The body has ______________ against pathogens; skin inflammation, and the immune system. |
| immune system | The__________ destroys some pathogens by identifying and destroying the pathogen. |
| allergy | An __________ is a disorder in which the immune system is overly sensitive to a foreign substance , called a allergen |
| Diabetes | ________ is a condtion in which the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin to help get sugar into the cells. |
| nervous system | The__________ recieves and responds to information about the enviroment, and helps to maintain homeostasis. |
| endocrine system | The ___________ controls many of the bodies daily activities, as well as the bodies overall development. |
| male reproductive system | The _______________ is specialized to produce sperm and hormone testerone. |
| female reproductive system | The role of the ___________ is to produce eggs and to nourish a developing baby until birth. |
| metric system | The standard system of measerment used by scientists is kown as the International system of units, or _____________ |
| hypothesis | A _________ is a possible explanation for a scientific question. |
| variable | A __________ is any factor that can change in an experiment. |
| data table or graph | Pattern of numbers often become clear if you organizeyour data in a_____________. |
| Biology | ______________ is the study of living things. |
| genetics | _________ is the scientific study of heredity. |
