| A | B |
|---|
| substance in food that provides the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all its essential processes | nutrient |
| the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree | calorie |
| an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen | carbohydrate |
| a sugar that is the major source of energy for the body's cells | glucose |
| energy-containing nutients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen | fat |
| large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur | protein |
| a small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins | amino acid |
| molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical reactions within the body | vitamin |
| nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things | mineral |
| a value that shows how the nutritional content of one serving of food fits into the diet of a person who consumes 2,000 Calories | Percent Daily Value |
| guidelines for the amounts of nutrients needed daily | Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) |
| the process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules | digestion |
| the process by which nutrients pass from the digestive system into the blood | absorption |
| the fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion | saliva |
| a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in a living thing | enzyme |
| a flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering | epiglottis |
| a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach | esophagus |
| a thick, slippery substance produced by the body | mucus |
| involuntary waves of muscular contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system | peristalsis |
| a J-shaped, muscular pouch located in the abdomen | stomach |
| the part of the digestive system in which most chemical digestion takes place | small intestine |
| the body's largest organ; it produces bile, breaks down medicines, and helps eliminate nitrogen from the body | liver |
| a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles | bile |
| the organ that stores bile after it is produced by the liver | gallbladder |
| a triangular organ that lies between the stomach and the small intestine | pancreas |
| tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed | villi |
| the last section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed into the blood and the remaining material is eliminated from the body | large intestine |
| the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated | rectum |
| a muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body | anus |
