| A | B |
|---|
| relating to the ancient Greek and Roman world | Classical |
| Greek term for "city-state" | polis |
| government in which leaders rule with consent of the citizens | democracy |
| strong national government headed by elected leaders | republic |
| elected chief official of the Roman Republic | consul |
| absolute ruler of an empire | emperor |
| head of the Roman Catholic Church | pope |
| person who spreads religious views | missionary |
| unwritten set of laws based on local customs | common law |
| political and social system in which a lord gave land to a noble to work, govern, and defend, in return for the noble's loyalty | feudalism |
| noble in medieval society who swore loyalty to a lord in return for land | vassal |
| feudal estate made up of a manor house or castle and land | manor |
| farm laborer who could be bought and sold along with the land | serf |
| medieval workers' organization | guild |
| written agreement guaranteeing privileges and freedoms | charter |
| pardons for sins, given or sold by the Catholic Church | indulgences |
| a great and often violent change | revolution |
| belief that royalty ruled by the will of God | divine rights of kings |
