| A | B |
|---|
| Characteristics of Life | movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, metabolism |
| Metabolism | physical and chemical changes that occur w/ in the body |
| Matabolism characteristics | respiration, digestion, absorbtion, circulation, assimilation, excretion |
| Anabolic metabolism | build up |
| catabolic metabolism | break down |
| needs of an organism | water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure |
| blood pressure | circulation |
| breathing pressure | diapraghm |
| Homeostasis | tendency to maintain stable internal environment |
| Levels of organization | atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ system, organism |
| Cranial | oral, nasal, orbital, middle ear |
| spinal | spinal cord |
| thoracic | heart, lungs |
| abdominal | stomach, liver, kidneys, intestines |
| pelvic | reproductive organs |
| parietal pleura | closer to outside (lungs) |
| visceral pleura | around lungs |
| Organ systems | circulatory, nervous, skeletal, endocrine, digestive, lymphnodes, muscular, integumentay, reproductive, urinary, respiratory |
| matter | has mass, takes up space |
| elements | 108 |
| 95% by weight | O,C,H,N |
| Atoms | smallest part of an element that has that elements and characteristics |
| protons | positive |
| Neutrons | neutral |
| Electron | outside of nucleus, very little mass, negative |
| neutral atom | same number of protons and electrons |
| number of protons | atomic number |
| protons plus neutrons | atomic mass |
| Isotopes | atoms w/ same atomic number but different atomic masses due to number of neutrons |
| radioactive isotopes | unstable, give off energy and atomic fragments called atomic radiation as nucleus breaks down |
| half-life | time for an isotope to lose half of its radio activity |
| radioactive isotopes are used to | study life process, treat disease |
| colbalt 60 | used for cancer |
| molecules | 2 or more atoms bond together forming a compound |
| Ionic bond | one arom "gives" outer electrons to another atom |
| covalent bond | atoms "share" one or more pairs of electrons |
| Molecular formula | H20 |
| Structural formula | H-O-H |
| synthesis | 2 or more atoms or molecules to make more complex molecules (2H2+02 ->2H20) |
| decomposition | complex molecules break down to simple molecules or atoms (H2O2 -> H2+O2 |
| exchange | 2 different types of molecules change positions (NaOH+HCl --> NaCl + HOH |
| reverse | end product can change back into the reactants (A+B <==> AB) |
| Ions | charged particle w/ unequal number of protons and number of electrons |
| electrolytes | release ions in water (bateries) |
| acids | substances that realese H+ into water (Hcl -> H+ + Cl- |
| bases | substances that realese ions that combine w/ many bases release hydroxyl ion OH- (NaOH-> Na+ +OH-) |
| pH | measures acidity/alkalinity |
| ph range | 0-14 |
| neutral | 7 |
| high pH | greater 7 bases |
| low pH | less 7 acids |
| Inorganic substances | most lack carbon water oxygen carbon dioxide necessary ions from inorganic salts |
| Organic substances | contain C and H Charbohydrates (CHO) |
| carbohydrates | provide much of energy that cells need, stored as reserve energy |
| carbohydrates include sugars | monosaccharides, diaccharides, polysaccharides |
| Lipids | contain C, H, O and often P |
| Fats | triglycerides (lipids) used to build cell parts, supply energy for cellular activity, more per gram thatn charbo's |
| Lipid made of | 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
| saturated | single C-C |
| unsaturated | 2 or more double C-C bonds |
| Phospholipids | glycerol; 2 fatty acid chains and phosphate group |
| Head | phosphate portion is water soluble (hydrophilic) |
| Tail | fatty acid portion is insoluble in water (hydrophobic) |
| Steroids | 4 interconnected rings of C atoms |
| 3 types of lipids | Fats, Phospholipids, Steroids |
| Proteins contain | C, H, O, N and often S |
| Protein | serves as structural material, source of energy, receptors on cell surfaces that are specialized to bond to particular kinds of molecules, |
| proteins also | made up of amino acids, act as hormones, anibodies, enzymes |
| Enzymes | proteins that act as catalysts which speed up reactions but are no t consumed by them |
| Nucleic Acids | RNA DNA |
| RNA | helps in synthesis of protein |
| DNA | stores info. in a type of molecular code, chain of nucleotides |
