| A | B |
|---|
| Renaissance | a period of cultural and artistic flowering in Europe that began in Italy around 1350 |
| classics | the literature of ancient Greece and Rome |
| patron | a person who uses his or her money or influence to support another person, such as an artist or writer |
| Petrarch | Italian poet and scholar whose interest in ancient literature helped spark the Renaissance |
| Lorenzo de'Medici | Renaissance patron of the arts |
| Michelangelo | Itailian Renaissance artist; created the Pieta and the paintings of the Sistine Chapel |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance painter and inventor from Italy; creator of the Mona Lisa |
| Florence | a city in north central Italy that became the center of Renaissance art and ideas |
| Reformation | a religious movement in 16th century Europe, led by Martin Luther, that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the birth of Protestant churches |
| Roman Catholic | a person who belongs to the branch of Christainity headed by the pope in Rome |
| Protestant | a Christain who opposes, or protests against, the Roman Catholic church in the 1500s; today a member of any Protestant church |
| Martin Luther | German monk and teacher; leader of the Protestant Reformation |
| Johann Gutenberg | German painter; probably the first European to use movable type |
| Wittenberg | a city in Germany. Where in 1517 Martin Luther nailed his famous 95 statements to a church door |
| Trent | a city in northern Italy. The Council of Trent was called by the Catholic Church between 1546 and 1563 |
| armada | a fleet of warships |
| Paliament | the law making body in Great Britain, made up of the House of Commerce and the House of Lords |
| Bill of Rights | a political document written by the English Parliament in 1689 that gave cerain rights to citizens and limited the powers of monarchy |
| absolute monarchy | rule by a monarch who has complete power to govern |
| constitutional monarchy | a government headed by a king or queen whose powers are limited by a constitution |
| Elizabeth I | queen of England from 1558 to 1603; under her rule England's power grew greatly |
| Francis Drake | Englishman who lead the defeat of the Spanish Armada |
| William Shakespeare | great English writer of poetry and plays; lived during the Elizabethan Renaissance |
| English Channel | channel between the British Isles and northwestern Europe |
| London | capital of the United Kingdom |
