| A | B |
|---|
| Jamestown | Founded in 1607, it was the first permanent British colony in North America |
| Elizabeth I | The Queen of England at the founding of Roanoke |
| Virginia Company | A joint-stock venture that backed Jamestown financially |
| Reason for Colonizing | England colonized the New World because of “national and religious rivalries and the growth of a merchant class eager to invest in overseas expansion and to seize for itself a greater share of world trade” |
| John Smith | The most successful leader in early Jamestown |
| Diseases | Killed 80% of original settlers by 1616 |
| # of Emigrants | From 1607-1700 500,000 people left England |
| Chesapeake Immigrants | 120,000 went to Virginia and Maryland |
| Middle Colonies Immigrants | 23,000 went to New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania |
| New England Immigrants | 21,000 went to New England |
| Indentured Servants | People who voluntarily surrendered their freedom for 5 to 7 years in exchange for passage to America |
| Land = Liberty | The English believe that freedom came as a result of land ownership |
| Indian Land | The English, unlike the French and Spanish, were keen to displace the natives from their land |
| Headright System | weet deal that awarded 50 acres of land to a colonist who paid for his own or another’s passage |
| House of Burgesses | Founded in 1619, it was the ruling assembly of the Virginia Colony |
| Slavery | Began in Virginia in 1619 when twenty blacks arrived on a Dutch ship |
| Wahunsonacock | Also called Powhaten, was friendly to settlers in Jamestown |
| John Rolfe | A businessman who settled for a time in Virginia colony |
| Pocahontas | A favorite child of Powhaten, she married John Rolfe and died a year later |
| James I | King of England |
| Uprising of 1622 | A surprise attack on the settlers led by Powhaten’s brother, Opechancanough, in 1622 |
| Opechancanough | Leader of the 1622 uprising in the Virginia colony |
| Tobacco | the chief crop of the Chesapeake colonies |
| Women in Jamestown Colony | Enjoyed more political rights in Virginia than did women in New England |
| Maryland | Established in 1632 as a proprietary colony and refuge for Catholics |
| Chesapeake | Area of land around the Chesapeake Bay |
| Proprietary Colony | A colony set up by a grant of land from the king that gives the land and governmental authority to a single person |
| Cecilius Calvert | Catholic proprietor of the Maryland colony |
| Dissenters | Protestants who belonged to denominations other than the Anglican Church |
| Toleration Act | Passed in 1649, it granted “free exercise” of religion to Christians in Maryland colony |
| Slave Rights | Slaves lost what rights they had as their number and economic importance grew |
| Virginia Slave Code | Passed in 1705, these rules established the idea of white supremacy in the law |
| Puritans | Religious group who believed that the Anglican Church was too much like Catholicism |
| Congregationalists | Puritans who believed that local congregations should choose clergymen and determine the modes of worship |
| John Calvin | A French-born Swiss theologian who believed that God and not a person’s actions determined salvation |
| Charles I | A Catholic king of England |
| City Set Upon a Hill | A Bible Commonwealth set up by the Puritans whose influence would rescue England from godlessness |
| Puritan Freedom | Freedom that came from doing God’s will |
| John Winthrop | First governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Natural Liberty | Freedom to act without restraint |
| Moral Liberty | Freedom to do only that which is good |
| Pilgrims | Puritans who emigrated from the Netherlands to New England in 1620 |
| Plymouth | Britain’s second permanent colony settled by the Pilgrims in 1620 |
| Mayflower | Ship that carried Pilgrims |
| Mayflower Compact | Laws agreed to by the puritan and non puritan settlers of Plymouth |
| Squanto | English-speaking friend of the Pilgrims who taught them how to fish and plant corn |
| Massasoit | The chief of the tribes who made an alliance with Plymouth’s Pilgrims |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | Chartered in 1629 by a group of London merchants who hoped to further the Puritan cause and turn a profit |
| Patriarchy | A society in which males have control and where law limits women’s legal and economic rights |
| Arabella | The ship that brought John Winthrop to America in 1630 |
| General Court | Established in 1634 it was the assembly of the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Goodman and Goodwife | The terms used to address settlers in Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Oath of a Freeman | First item printed in colonial America that explained the rights and duties of Englishmen |
| Roger Williams | Expelled from Massachusetts Bay Colony, he founded Rhode Island in 1636 in the name of religious freedom |
| Rhode Island | Founded by Roger Williams, this colony became a haven for people persecuted in other colonies for religious reasons |
| Thomas Hooker | He established a settlement at Hartford where non-church members could vote |
| Connecticut | Colony created in 1662 that united Hartford and New Haven under a royal charter |
| Anne Hutchinson | A Puritan settler of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who believed that salvation was God’s gift |
| Antinomianism | A term for putting one’s own judgment or faith above both human law and the teachings of the church |
| Pequots | A powerful tribe who controlled southern New England’s fur trade, were killed or sold into slavery |
| William Bradford | Pilgrim leader |
| Declension | Declining piety, which worried Puritan leaders in Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Jeremiads | Warnings that portrayed crop failures and disease as signs of divine disapproval |
