| A | B |
|---|
| Name 3 types of muscle tissue: | skeletal, cardiac, smooth |
| skeletal muscles are composed of various tissues; they are ______. | organs |
| fascia | covering of skeletal muscles |
| fascia may form the _____ attaching muscle to bone | tendon |
| skeletal muscle fiber | single muscle cell whose contraction is "all or none." |
| sarcolemma | cell membrane of skeletal muscle fibers |
| sarcoplasm | cytoplasm of a muscle fiber |
| why are skeletal muscles striated? | myofibrils composed of actin and myosin |
| What color is the I band? What protein does it carry | ligh; actin |
| I band goes with the ___ lines. | Z |
| sarcomere | Z lines at each end of contractile |
| Wha color is the A band? What protein does it carry? | dark; myosin |
| What happens during contraction? | actin filaments pulled towards center bringing Z lines closer together: muscle conracts as a unit |
| transverse tubules | extend from sarcolemma to sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| synpatic cleft | space between axon terminal and muscle fiber |
| where is ACH stored? | vesicles at the terminal of the axon |
| What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | Ca++ |
| motor unit | one motor neuron and all msucle fibers that it innervates |
| ATP is required for: (4) | creating action potential in CNS: forming/ breaking cross bridges; pumping Ca++ into SR |
| Sources of ATP: (3) | stored ATP; creatine phosphate; cellular respiration |
| how many seconds worth of stored ATP? | 6 |
| how many seconds worth of creatine phosphate? | 20-30 |
| cellular respiration | uses glycogen stored in muscle and glucose in blood |
| anaerobic | does not require oxygen: makes 2 ATP molecules |
| aerobic | requires oxygen, takes longer, makes 36 ATP molecules |
| muscle fatigue | physiological inability of muscle to contract |
| lactic acid | result of pyruvic acid's lack of oxygen |
| What happens in muscle fatigue? | pH muscle tissue decreases; Na/K pump stops working |
| oxygen debt | amount of O needed to convert accumulated lactic acid to restore ATP and creatine phosphate |
| what color are slow contracting muscles? why? | red; carry oxygen molecule called myoglobin. many mitochondria; carry on aerobic respiration |
| what color are fast contracting muscles? | white |
| fast contracting muscles have lots of stored ____ | glycogen |
| graded muscle responses | muscle fiber and a motor unit contract |
| ways to change force of movement; make mvmts more fluid: | recuitment of more motor units; send action potentials at greater frequency down same motor nueron |
| tetanus | fiber doesn't have time to relax; reaches a sustained contraction |
| antagonists | muscles performaing opposite movements |
| prime mover | muscle responsible for moving |
| synergists | muscle that helps move primer |
| origin of a muscle | bone which does not move |
| insertion of muscle | bone that does not move |
