| A | B |
|---|
| genes | DNA sequences that determine traits |
| alleles | alternate forms of a gene |
| plasmids | small circular DNA segments in bacteria |
| banding patterns | stains concnetrate in differnt areas of differnt chromosomes |
| human genome project (HGP) | project to uncover the genetic information in human chromosomes |
| genome | one of each of the human autosomes |
| X chromosome | sex chromosome found in both male and females |
| Y chromosome | sex chromosome found only in males |
| probability | branch of mathematics that predicts the chances that an event will occur |
| Gregor Mendel | studied patterns of inheritance in pea plants |
| traits | physical characteristic of an organism |
| dominant trait | shows with the inheritance of only one factor |
| recessive traits | requires the inheritance of two factors to be expressed |
| principle of segregation | separation of factors occuring when sex cells form |
| genotype | factors present that determine genetic traits |
| homozygous | inheriting two of the same alleles for a trait |
| heterozygous | presence of two different alleles for a trait |
| phenotype | appearance or observable characteristics caused by alleles |
| chromosome theory of inheritance | W.S. Sutton's concept that Mendel's factors related to chromosomes |
| principle of independent assortment | in dihybrid crossses alleles received in one trait do not affect alleles in second trait |
| codominance | both alleles contribute to the phenotype of a heterozygote |
| multiple alleles | genes with more than two different alleleic forms |
| antibodies | proteins that react with foreign materials |
| multifactorial | traits whose expression are controlled by several different genes |
| linked genes | genes inherited together because they are found on the same chromosome |
| X-linked trait | trait caused by gene found on part of X-chromosome with no equivalent area on the Y-chromosome |
| nondisjunction | failure of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis |
| Down syndrome | trisomy 21 disorder caused by nondisjunction |
| x-inactivation | in females second x does not function forming Barr body |
| genotype-environment interaction | expression of many traits are influenced by factors in the environment |
