| A | B |
|---|
| electrophoresis | process that uses electrical charges to separate fragments in wells on agarose gel |
| mutagens | substances that increase probability of mutation |
| mutation | change in the DNA sequence of a gene |
| deletion | removal of a base/bases from DNA sequence |
| duplication | base/bases repeated within a DNA sequence |
| inversion | order of bases reversed within a DNA sequence |
| translocation | sequence of bases removed from one region and added to another region of a DNA sequence |
| Barbara McClintock | scientist studied corn and discovered that certain genes change location on chromosomes |
| pedigree | chart that illustrates a family history of a particular trait |
| genetic disorders | ”diseases |
| chromosomal abnormalities | disorders caused by missing chromosomes or chromosome parts |
| multifactorial disorders | cuased by several genes |
| cystic fibrosis | recessive autosomal disorder of Caucasians in which mucus of lung very viscous |
| genetic counselor | uses pedigrees to inform individuals of probability of genetic disorders appearing in offspring |
| phenylketonuria (PKU) | autosomal recessive disorder of accumulation of incompletely metabolized phenylalanine cuases mental retardation |
| sickle cell disease | autosomal recessive disorder in African-Americans resulting in abnormal hemoglobin |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| amniocentesis | removal of amniotic fluid for genetic testing |
| chorionic villi sampling (CVS) | removal of placental tissue for genetic testing |
| karyotypes | arrangement of homologous chromosomes to determine genetic disorders |
| ultrasound | use of sound waves to form image of embryo |
| gene therapy | replacement of incorrect DNA sequences with corrected sequences to eliminate genetic disorders |
| genetic engineering | using knowledge of genetics to alter an organism’s genetic potential |
| restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) | DNA fragments formed by restriction enzyme |
| recombinant DNA | DNA with segments coming from more than one organism |
| restriction enzymes | recognize specific DNA sequences and cut DNA into fragments between these sequences |
| DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | reactions that are used to amplify or make multiple copiesfragments created by restriction enzymes |
| DNA fingerprinting | pattern of DNA fragments formed by electrophoresis that are unique to an individual |
