| A | B |
| deviants | abnormal |
| Articles of Confederation | precursor of the Constitution |
| 1789 | the U.S. government began to function |
| The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 | evidence of anti-immigration sentiments |
| industrialization | manufacturing |
| urbanization | development of cities |
| Great Awakenings | periods of religious revival |
| Calvinistic Determinism | everything that happens is God's will |
| Horace Mann | education is the great equalizer |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Abolition | destroy slavery through laws |
| Dorothea Dix | reformer of mental institutions |
| pauper | a poor person who receives aid |
| outdoor relief | providing assistance through institutions |
| poorhouse | an institution for the poor |
| child saving | a beginning awareness of the needs of children |