| A | B |
|---|
| kinematics | describes the motion of a body |
| center of mass of human body | located anterior to to sacrum |
| axis of rotation | pivot point for rotation of bones about a joint |
| osteokinematics | describes the motion of bones |
| arthrokinematics | describes the motion between articular surfaces of joints |
| sagittal plane | divdies the body into right and left sections |
| frontal plane | divides the body into anterior and posterior sections |
| horizontal or transverse plane | divides the body into upper and lower sections |
| degrees of freedom | the number of independent movements allowed at joint |
| distal-on-proximal kinematics | knee extension with the foot off the ground |
| proximal-on-distal kinematics | knee extension with the foot fixed on the group |
| convex-on-concave movement | roll and slide occurs in opposite directions |
| concave-on-conves movements | roll and slide occurs in in similar directions |
| kinetics | describes the effects of forces on a body |
| force | mass x acceleration |
| external force | force acting from outside the body |
| point of application of a muscle force | the point where muscle inserts to the bone |
| moment arm | shortest distance between axis of rotation and the perpendicular intersection of the point of application of a force |
| torque | force x moment arm |
| eccentric contraction | occurs when muscle produces an active force while elongating |
| Concentric contraction | occurs when muscle produces a force while shortening |
| isometric contraction | muscle produces a force while maintianing a constant length |
