| A | B |
|---|
| la poesía | **poetry |
| el poema; el/la poeta | **poem; poet |
| la poesía narrativa | **type of poetry: instead of "singing", narrates and can seem like prose |
| el ritmo; un ritmo musical | **rthym; a musical rthym; in Spanish poetry it is where the accent is placed on a word |
| el verso | **a line of poetry; in Spanish, has a determined number of syllables and a determined rthym |
| una medida | a measure |
| la poesía lírica | **type of poetry: subjective, generally the poet, or the poetic voice, expresses his feelings |
| la poesía épica | type of poetry: objective, poet is a type of narrator that tells facts, deeds |
| la poesía dramática | type of poetry: when the poem expresses great national or universal values; subjective-objective because although feelings are shown, the poet disappears behind the characters represented in the drama |
| subjetivo, -a, -os, -as | **subjective |
| objetivo, -a, -os, -as | **objective |
| el hablante poético | **the poetic speaker, the voice in the poem |
| subjetivo-objetiva | subjective-objective |
| lso sentimientos | **feelings |
| las normas | **rules |
| una estructura fija | **a fixed structure |
| las estrofas | **stanzas |
| la versificación | **the study of lines of poetry, how they work together |
| el metro | **the measure of a line of poetry |
| la sílaba | **syllable |
| una lengua románica | **a Romance language |
| unas unidades de tiempo | units of time |
| recitar, declamar | **to recite (2) |
| larga vs. breve | long vs. brief |
| la estructuración | the structuring (n.) |
| el cómputo silábico | **the number of syllables |
| LA rima; la rima asonante; la rima consonante | **1) rhyme, similarity or equality among the final sound of a line of poetry after the last tonic vowel; 2) rhyme between two words whose vowels are of equal count after the last tonic syllable; 3) the rhyme between two words whose final sounds whether vowels or consonants are of equal count from the last tonic syllable |
| la pausa; la pausa estrofica, la pausa versal | pause in a line of poetry that can divide a line into two separate lines; two kinds: when it occurs at the end of each stanza and when it occurs at the end of each line |
| el encabalgamiento | enjambment; when the end of a line of poetry has to joing the folling line to complete its meaning |
| verso llano | **type of line of poetry: when most of the words are with stress on penultimate syllabe; the number of grammatical syllables and the number of poetic syllables is the same |
| verso agudo | **type of line of poetry: when the last word of the line has the stress on the last syllable, you add a syllable to the count for that line; it "sounds" with more intensity and therefore "needs" more time for its recitation |
| verso esdrújula | **type of line of poetry: when the last word of the line has the stress on the antepenultimate syllable, you subtract a syllable from your count because the force of the voice is pronounced more quickly |
| palabra llana | **when a word carries the force, stress on the penultimate syllable (casa, ventana) |
| palabra aguda | **when a word carries the force/stress on the last syllable (corazón, ciudad, doctor) |
| palabra esdrújula | **when a word carries the force/stress on the antipenultimate syllable (público, pájaro) |
| recaer | **to fall, as in stress (accent) in language |
| la sinalefa | **a literary device in which words that end in a vowel, when appearing in front of a word that also begins with a vowel, LINK together to count only as one syllable; this words actually means the union/linking of the syllables and can occur with more than 2 syllables |
| la licencia poética, la licencia métrica | poetic licence: when the poet decides to change the rules of poetry to make things "fit" |
| la sinéresis | when, in the middle of a word, two vowels link to form a dipthong (when they normally don't do so); poeta, lealtad (p. 113) |
| la diéresis | when, in the middle of a word, two vowels are separated when they normally wouldn't be (suave, ruido, p. 113) |
| el hiato | when you prnounce two vowels separately; these vowels would normally be pronounced together (linked) even though they are in different words; musicas de alas p. 113 |
| el acento estrófico | **stress pattern: most important of the patterns, refers to that on the penultimate syllable |
| el acento rítmico | **stress pattern: has to do with the odd or even rthym of the stress pattern in a line of poetry p. 113 |
| el acento extrarrítmico | stress pattern: other stress patterns in a line of poetry that do not correspond to the other two ways of considering stress |
| impar vs. par | **uneven vs. even (when counting syllables) |
| bísilabo, trisílabo, tetrasílabo etc. | **number of syllables in a line of poetry (2, 3, 4) |
| heptasílabo, octosílabo, endecasílabo, alejandrino | **in Spanish poetry, the most common, important numbers of syllables in a line of poetry (7, 8, 11, 14) |
| un verso heptasílabo; used in liras | a line of 7 syllables, commonly used alternatingly with lines of 11 syllables (lira); also used in pairs to form alejandrinos |
| un verso octosílabo | **a line of 8 syllables; most popular measure in Spanish poetry; used in romances, corridos mexicanos, la cancion etc. |
| un verso endecasílabo | **a line of 11 syllables; makes the line richer, more flexible, more harmonious (in musical sense); of Italian origin |
| un verso alejandrino | a line of poetry of 14 syllables; used in medieval epic songs about Alexander the Great (hence the name); used by Gonzalo de Berceo of s. XIII in Spain |
| los versos de arte mayor vs. versos de arte menor | **lines of poetry made up of those of 9 syllables or more vs. those of between 2 and 8 syllables |
| la fonema | phoneme: smallest phonological unit in a language |
| la vocal tónica | **the vowel that receives the stress |
| la rima abrazada | type of rhyme in which the pattern is of abba, cddc, etc. |
| la rima encadenada o cruzada | type of rhyme pattern: abab, cdcd etc. |
| la rima gemela | type of rhyme pattern: aa, bb, cc, dd, ; series of pairings of lines (stanzas of two lines) |
| la rima continua | type of rhyme pattern: when all lines in a stanza rhyme among themselves, AAAA |
| el pareado | types of stanzas: stanza of two lines |
| el terceto; terceto encadenado | types of stanzas: stanza of 3 lines, AOA; ABA BCB CDC |
| el cuarteto o copla de arte mayor | **types of stanzas: stanza of 4 lines, ABBA |
| el serventesio | types of stanzas: stanza of 4 lines, ABAB |
| la redondilla o copla de qrte menor | types of stanzas: stanza of 4 lines, abba |
| la lira | types of stanzas: stanza of 5 lines, aBabB (combination of 7 syllable lines with those of 11 syllables) |
| la octava real | types of stanzas: stanza of 8 lines, ABABABCC |
| el poema estrófico vs poema no estrófico | poems in stanzas vs those that aren't |
| el soneto | **types of poems written in stanzas: sonnet, 14 lines structured in 2 of 4 lines followed by 2 of 3 lines |
| la letrilla | types of poems written in stanzas: short lines with an estribillo at equal intervals |
| un estribillo | **line of poetry that is repeated at intervals throughout the poem and frequently at end of a stanza (Ay de mi Ahama) |
| el romance | **types of poems not written in stanzas: has an indetermined number of 8 syllable lines with assonant rhyme in the even lines, leaving the odds without rhyme |
| la silva | types of poems not written in stanzas: poem formed by 11 syllable lines and 7 syllable lines that alternate in different ways |
| el poema de versos libres | types of poems not written in stanzas: poem that may not have stanzas, rhyme, measured lines, but conserved the other elements that work in poetry |
| lenguaje directo vs lenguaje figurado | using a word as what is really means vs. using it for a symbolic or metaphorical meaning |
| la metonimia; adv. metonímicamente | **literary terms (type of trope): : naming an object with the name for another object/person because of the relationship between the two |
| el sinécdoque | literary terms (type of trope): : same as metonimia except that the two item connected coexist in some way |
| la alegoría | literary terms (type of trope): : a metaphor that is continued throughout a literary composition |
| la metáfora | **literary terms (type of trope): most common of the tropes, identification of an object with another that has a similarity with it "sus dientes son perlas" |
| la parábola | literary terms: (type of trope): an allegory with a teaching purpose, moral; used to make the comprehension of the abstract concepts easier |
| un tropo | a literary term that changes the meaning in some way; there are several kinds of tropes |
| opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction (Okay, geniuses: How does an antithesis differ from oposición binaria? Really... I don't know yet. | un término literario: una antítesis |
| Momentos p. 357, #5 | poder discutir la diferencia entre "poner riquezas en mi pensamiento" y "poner mi pensamiento en las riquezas" |
| un discurso en defensa de una ideología (like a persuasive speech) | término literario: un apología |
| **repetición del mismo sonido en palabras cercanas o en el interior de ellas; Se debe tener en cuenta que no consiste necesariamente en la repetición de la misma letra, puesto que, por ejemplo, las letras, por ejemplo, b,m, p y v son letras distintas, pero todas son bilabiales. | **término literario: la aliteración |
| **para pronunciarlas (m, p, b, v) hay que juntar ellabio superior con el inferior | **término literario: bilabial (adj. que se refiere a un tipo de sonido) |
| **el hipérbaton: inversión del orden normal de las palabras para producir un efecto poético. Se da con mucha frecencia en los poemas barrocos de Góngora y Quevedo; "hermosura vencida" y "riqueza fementida" | **un término literario: hipérbaton |
| **un sonido alveolar: (t, d, n, r, y l) estos sonidos requieren qu ela punta de la lengua toque el cielo de la boca | **término literario: un sonido alveolar |
| El culteranismo se dirigió a crear la belleza por medio de artificios del lenguaje; empleando neologismos de su propia creación a partir de palabras del latín o del griego, tratando de imitar el ritmo de la sintaxis latina, y acudiendo al empleo intensivo de metáforas e imágenes. Atiende, sobre todo, a efectos o invocaciones sensoriales; esmerándose especialmente en el cuidado de la forma. | término literario: El culteranismo, elemento de lo barroco. |
| El conceptismo es esencialmente un estilo aplicable a la prosa, que más que incidir en el rebuscamiento de la forma como lo hacía el culteranismo, apunta a una asociación ingeniosa en la exposición de las ideas; y que, en consecuencia, incide sobre todo, en el plano del pensamiento. Se dice que el nombre de conceptismo se origina en la obra “Los Conceptos espirituales”, de Alonso de Ledesma publicada hacia el 1600. | término literario: conceptismo, tipo de lo barroco |
| romance: when the poema narrativo starts in the middle (think of El rey moro que perdio...) | **término literario: en medias res |
| a lament, a wailing, a chorus bemoaning some event | **término literario: un lamento |
| that which reflects "the African" | **la negritud |
| italics | **en cursiva |
| alliteration | **término literario: la aliteracion |
| to sacrifice; the sacrifice | **sacrificar; el sacrificio |
| multiple voices | ****término literario: polifonico |
| to pacify, satisfy | **apaciguar |
