| A | B |
|---|
| passive transport | movement of materials into and out of the cell without energy input |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from high to low concentration |
| concentration gradient | the difference in the concentration of molecules across a space |
| equilibrium | when molecules have an even concentration thoughout a space |
| osmosis | diffusion of water across a membrane |
| hypotonic solutions | have more water than the cell's cytosol |
| hypertonic solutions | have less water than the cell's cytosol |
| isotonic solutions | have the same amount of water as the cell's cytosol |
| plasmolysis | plant cells in a hypertonic solution wilt |
| cytolysis | animal cells swell and burst in hypotonic solutions |
| facilitated diffusion | carrier proteins help diffusion with the concentration gradient |
| carrier proteins | molecules in a cell membrane that help in transport |
| active transport | moving across the membrane against the gradient using energy |
| endocytosis | cell ingestion of fluids, macromolecules, and particles |
| exocytosis | cell egestion of solutes, liquids, macromolecules and wastes |
| light reactions | initial photosynthesis reactions in which chlorophyll absorbs light |
| grana | stacks of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts |
| stroma | a cytosol solution surrounding the chloroplast thylakoids |
| photosynthesis | light, H2O, & CO2 are used to make glucose and O2 |
| chlorophyll | pigment that absorbs light in leaves and algae |
| Calvin cycle | the dark reaction where CO2 is captured by RuBP |
| cellular respiration | mitochondrial process of releasing energy from glucose |
| glycolysis | means "glucose splits" and begins cellular respiration |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
| fermentation | anaerobic process of producing either alcohol or lactic acid |
| aerobic | with oxygen |
| Kreb's cycle | process that rips H from citric acid, outputs NADH2 & FADH2 |
| electron transport | H in NADH2 & FADH2 combines with O2 to recharge ATP's |
