| A | B |
|---|
| What is a defination of Organic Chemistry? | Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon. |
| Carbon is in Group IV A and mostly forms what kind of bonds? | Mostly forms covalent bonds. |
| Carbon is not diatomic but can form bonds with other carbon atoms, T or F. | True |
| Carbon atoms bond with each other to form what two shapes of compounds? | forms 1) long chains, and 2) forms cyclic compounds. |
| Describe a long chain hydrocarbon. | A series of carbon atoms bonded in a single line with hydrogen atoms bonded on both sides and both ends. |
| Describe a cyclic compound. | Three or more carbon atoms bonded in a circle with two hydrogen atoms bonded to each to complete their octet. |
| What can carbon atoms do that no other element on the periodic chart can do? | Form double or triple bonds between two carbon atoms. |
| Carbon when single bonded has what shape? | Tetrahedral |
| Can you rotate the atoms of two single bonded carbon atoms? | yes, but not double or triple bonded atoms. |
| Can you rotate double or triple bonded carbon atoms? | no, only single bonded carbon atoms. |
| What does a "molecular formula" tell you? | tells you the # of atoms of each type in a molecule. C3H8 |
| What does a "condensed formula" tell you? | tells the # and type of atoms and how they are bonded. CH3CH2CH2CH3 |
| What does a "structural formula" tell you? | tells what atoms are bonded to each other and how many. C-C-C-C with H's all around. |
| Alkanes are ________ compounds? | parent compounds. |
| Are alkanes polar or nonpolar? | always nonpolar. Everything is equal |
| What are alkanes? | Alkanes are hydrocarbons that have only single bonds. C---C |
| Why are alkanes known as "saturated hydrocarbons"? | Because every carbon atom is bonded to four atoms, the most a carbon atom can have. |
| Alkanes are pretty unreactive except for what? | except for 1) combustion, and 2) halogenation (substitution). |
| Carbon compounds with 1-4 carbon atoms are in what form at room temperature? | 1-4 carbon atoms are gases. |
| Carbon compounds with 5-12 carbon atoms are in what form at room temperature? | 5-12 carbon atoms are liquids. |
| Carbon compounds with 13-17carbon atoms are in what form at room temperature? | Jo didn't specify what form these were in. The book has them as liquids. |
| Carbon compounds with 18 or more carbon atoms are in what form at room temperature? | 18 or more carbon atoms are solids. |
| How does the density of alkanes compare to water? | Alkanes density is less than water, less than 1.0 g/ml. |
| Are alkanes soluable in water? | No |
| If someone ingested gasoline, would you want to induce vomiting? Why? | No, because the hydrocarbons would be disolving the cells as it was reguritated. Remember, like disolves like. Give something to bind up the hydrocarbons. |
| If you have a 4 carbon atoms, C4, and twice that many plus 2 hydrogen atoms, H10, what can you assume about the shape of the compound? | It indicates it is a straight chain compound. |
| In a "homologous series" what is happening? | the members in that class change by a given increment. |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 1 carbon atom? | Methane, CH4 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 2 carbon atoms? | Ethane, C2H6 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 3 carbon atoms? | Propane, C3H8 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 4 carbon atoms? | Butane, C4H10 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 5 carbon atoms? | Pentane, C5H12 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 6 carbon atoms? | Hexane, C6H14 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 7 carbon atoms? | Heptane, C7H16 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 8 carbon atoms? | Octane, C8H18 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 9 carbon atoms? | Nonane, C9H20 |
| Naming unbranched alkanes: what is the name for the hydrocarbon containing 10 carbon atoms? | Decane, C10H22 |
| What are isomers? | Alkanes (compounds) that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas. |
| What is the difference between butane and isobutane? | Butane is a straight chain hydrocarbon, isobutane is branched with three carbons in a row and one off to the side. |
| What are geometric isomers? | Two distinct arrangements of unsymmetrical alkenes made possible by the lack of rotation around the double bond. In a cis isomer, the groups are attached to the same side of the double bond; in the trans isomer, they appear on opposite sides. |
| What are stereoisomers? | Molecules with the same structural formulas and attached atoms but having different three-dimensional arrangements of the atoms. |
| What is the group called when you take away one hydrogen atom from an alkane? | the Alkyl group. |
| Methane CH4 minus one hydrogen is called what? | Methyl |
| Ethane C2H6 minus one hydrogen is called what? | Ethyl |
| Propane C3H8 minus one hydrogen atom from the #1 carbon atom is called what? | Propyl |
| If you remove one of the hydrogen atoms from the middle carbon atom of propane what do you have? | isopropyl |
| Butane C4H10 minus one hydrogen from th #1 carbon (either end) is called what? | n-butyl. "n" stands for "normal" |
| Removing one hydrogen from the #2 carbon of butane is called what? | sec-butyl, for "secondary" |
| See notes for tert-butane, tert-butyl, isobutyl. | Obj. 10-5 |
| What are the three rules for naming alkanes with alkyl groups attached? | 1) Find the longest continous chain of carbon atoms. 2) Number the carbon atoms such that the numbers where the alkyl groups are attached are the lowest possible. 3) Indicate side chains by numbers separated by comma's, a dash between numbers and names. 1,2-name-3-name |
| Alkyl groups are named in order alphabetically. Are prefixes such as di, tri, tetra, used in determining alphabetical order? | No |
| How do you indicate whether a carbon atom is primary, secondary, etc.? | By how many other carbon atoms are bonded to it. One other would be "primary" indicated by a "1" followed by a degree sign, two would be secondary, three tertiary, four quaternary. |
| 10-8 What two chemical reactions do alkanes undergo? | produces carbon dioxide and water). |
| Cl - C - C would be the formula for what? | 1- Chloroethylene |
| C - C - C - C - I is the formula for what? | 1 - Iodobutane |
| Define aromatics. | They have aromas, and they are based on benzene rings. They show up in important biological mokecules, and they undergo combustion but have a sooty flame. |
| What is the shape of a benzene C6H6 ring? | Six sided like hexane, but with a circle in the middle indicating rotating double bonds. There are no double bonds, it only acts like there are (at least I think that's what Jo said). |
| What is resonance? | Means more than one Lewis structure is possible. Resonance gives incredible stability to benzene and it's derivitives. |
| If a compound has one aromatic ring (benzene), is it usually liquid or solid? | usually liquid. |
| If a compound has two aromatic rings (benzene), is it usually liquid or solid? | usually solid. |
| Aromatics undergo's what kind of reactions? | substitution reactions. |
| Define a benzene substitution reaction between benzene and chlorine. | The benzene C6H6 + Cl2 -> C6H5Cl + HCl. One of the chlorine is substituted for one of the hydrogen in the benzene ring. |
| Aromatics are insoluable in water, but soulable in what? | Organic solvents. |
| Aromatics have a density of what? | less than 1.0 grams/milliliter. |
| Aromatic "Parent" compound names: A 6 sided figure with a ring in the middle with nothing attached? | Benzene. |
| Aromatic "Parent" compound names: A benzene ring with one CH3 attached? | Toluene, or methylbenzene. |
| Aromatic "Parent" compound names: A benzene ring with one OH attached? | Phenol, or hydroxybenzene. |
| Aromatic "Parent" compound names: A benzene ring with one NH2 attached? | Aniline, or aminobenzene. |
| Aromatic "Parent" compound names: A benzene ring with a C=O plus a hydrogen off the carbon? | Benzaldehyde. |
| Aromatic "Parent" compound names: A benzene ring with a C=O plus a hydroxy off the carbon? | Benzoic acid. |
| Aromatic "Parent" compound names: A benzene ring with SO3H attached? | Benzene sulfonic acid. |
| Rules for naming aromatics (4). | 1) Decide which parent compound you have. 2) If there are 2 substituent groups use para (1-4), meta (1-3), ortho (1-2). 3) If more than three substituents use numbers only, lowest possible. 4) Aryl groups as side chains instead of alkyl as in alkanes. |
