| A | B |
|---|
| energy | the ability to do work |
| work | object movement over a disance in response to a force (push or pull) |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion - energy that objects have because they are moving |
| potential energy | stored energy, energy available for doing work at a later time |
| mechanical energy | energy of macroscopic particles |
| chemical energy | energy in bonds of chemical substances |
| electrical energy | energy associated with charged particles |
| joule | SI unit of measurement for energy |
| law of the conservation of energy | energy can neither be created not destroyed in energy changes it is merely converted from one form of energy into a different form |
| reactants | substances that exist before a chemical reaction begins |
| products | substances that exist after a chemical reaction is completed |
| exothermic reaction | chemical reactions that release heat energy causing the substances taking part in the reaction to become HOT |
| endothermic reaction | chemical reactions that absorb heat energy cuasing the substances taking part in the reaction to become COLD |
| activation energy | the initial input needed to start ANY chemical reaction |
| Celcius scale | temperature scale with freezing point of water set at 0 degrees and boiling point of water set at 100 degrees |
| Kelvin scale | scale starts at absolute zero, theoretical point where all molecular activity ceases, is estimated to be -273.15 degrees C |
| calorie | amount of heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C |
| calorimetry | measurement of the amount of heat released or absorbed during chemical reactions |
| calorimeter | instrument used to measure the heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction |
| specific heat | the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 unit of mass of a substance 1 unit of temperature, usually grams and degree C. |
| Calorie | typical measurement of heat energy in food, is equivalent to 1,000 calories or the amount of energy needed to raise 1,000 grams of water 1 degree C |
| electrostatic force | force of attraction or repulsion between bodies of opposite signed charges |
| conservation of charge | when two charges of equal amounts but opposite sign are brought together their electrostatic forces cancel each other |
| electric current | is the flow of charge through a substance |
| electrical conductors | substances through which charges can readily flow or move |
