| A | B |
| archaeologist | scientist who looks for and studies evidence from long ago |
| artifact | an object left behind by people from long ago |
| civilization | a culture that has developed complex systems of government, education, and religion |
| drought | a long period of time with very little rain |
| empire | a large area of different peoples controlled by one ruler or government |
| irrigation | the method by which water is brought into dry areas |
| slavery | the practice of people owning other people |
| specialize | when people spend most of the time doing one job |
| surplus | an amount greater than what is needed |
| tribute | payment in the form of valuable goods |