| A | B |
|---|
| deoxyribose | the 5 carbon sugar in DNA |
| nitrogen-containing bases | adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine , and uracil |
| adenine | the nitrogen-containing base that pairs with thymine or uracil |
| guanine | the nitrogen-containing base that pairs with cytosine |
| cytosine | the nitrogen-containing base that pairs with guanine |
| thymine | the DNA nitrogen-containing base that pairs with adenine |
| double helix | the spiral staircase structure of DNA |
| complementary base pairs | guanine is this to cytosine and thymine is this to adenine |
| replication | DNA makes a copy of itself |
| helicases | the enzyme that separates DNA so it can replicate |
| DNA polymerases | enzymes that join bases to exposed DNA to replicate it |
| mutation | a change or mistake in the genetic code |
| ribose | the 5-carbon sugar in RNA |
| uracil | the nitrogenous base that replaces thymine in RNA |
| mRNA | messenger RNA that carries the DNA code to the ribosomes |
| tRNA | transfer RNA that binds amino acids to the mRNA |
| transcription | DNA codes for making mRNA |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme that bonds RNA nucleotides to exposed DNA |
| codon | 3 bases on mRNA that code for 1 amino acid |
| start codon | AUG codes for methionine and begins an amino acid chain |
| stop codons | codons (UAA, UAG, & UGA) that cause translation to stop |
| translation | mRNA codes for tRNA and amino acid sequences (proteins) |
| anticodon | the three nucleotides on tRNA that match the codon of mRNA |
