| A | B |
|---|
| Abdominal quadrants | the four parts of the abdomen as divided by imaginary horizontal and vertical lines through the umbilicus |
| acetabulum | the rounded cavity or socket on the external surface of the pelvis that receives the head of the femur |
| acromion | the lateral triangular projection of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder |
| alveoli | the air sacs of the lungs |
| anatomical planes | imaginary straight-line divisions of the body |
| anatomy | the study of the structure of the body and the relationship of its parts to each other |
| anterior | toward the front |
| anterior plane | the front/abdominal side of the body |
| aorta | the major artery from the heart |
| arteriole | the smalles branch of an artery which at its distal end leads into a capillary |
| artery | a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| atria | the two upper chambers of the heart |
| bilateral | on both sides |
| blood pressure | the force exerted by the blood on the interior walls fo the blood vessels |
| brachial artery | the major artery of the upper arm |
| bronchi | the two main branches leading from the trachia to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement |
| bronchioles | small branches of the bronchi |
| calcaneus | the heel bone |
| capillary | a tiny blood vessel that connects arteriole to a venule |
| cardiac muscle | a kind of involuntary muscle found only on the walls of the heart. Has automaticity, the ability to generate an impuse on its own, separately from the CNS |
| cardiovascular/circulatory system | the body system that transports blood to all parts of the body. Includes heart, blood vessels and blood |
| ischium | the posterior and inferior protion of the pelvis |
| carotid artery | one of two major arteries of the neck which supply the brain and head with blood |
| carpals | the aight bones that form the wrist |
| central nervous system | the brain and spinal cord |
| cervical spine | the first seven vertebrae, the neck |
| clavicle | the collarbone, attached to the superior portion of the sternum |
| coccyx | the last four vertebraie, tailbone |
| coronary arteries | blood vessels that supply the heart with blood |
| cranium | the bones that form the top, back and sides of the skull plus the forehead |
| cricoid cartilage | the lowermost cartilage of the larynx |
| dermis | the second layer of the skin |
| diaphragm | a powerful dome-shaped muscle essential to respiration that also separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| diastolic blood pressure | the pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest |
| distal | distant, or far, from the point of reference |
| dorsal | toward the back or spine |
| dorsalis pedis artery | an artery of the foot which can be felt on the top surface of the foot |
| endocrine system | a system of ductless glands that produce hormones which regulate body functions |
| epidermis | the outermost layer of skin |
| epiglottis | a small leaf-shaped flap of tissue, located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue, that covers the entrance of the larynx to keep food and liquid from entering the trachea and lungs |
| esophagus | a passageway at the lower end of the pharynx that leads to the stomach |
| extremities | the limbs of the body |
| face | the area of the skull between the brow and the chine |
| femoral artery | the major artery of the thight that supplies the groin and leg with blood |
| femur | the thigh bone |
| fibula | the lateral, smaller longbone of the lower leg |
| fowler's position | a position in qhich a patient is lying on the back with upper body elevated at a 45-60 degree angle |
| heart | muscular organ that contracts to foce blood into circulation through the body |
| humerus | the larges bone in the upper extremity, located in the proximal portion of the upper arm |
| hypoperfusion/shock | the insufficient delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body's cells and inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that results from the inadequate circulation of blood |
| iliac crest | the upper margin of the bones of the pelvis |
| inferior | beneath, lower, toward the feet |
| inferior plane | everything below the transverse line |
| intercostal muscles | the muscles between the ribs |
| involuntary/smooth muscle | muscle that carries out the automatic muscular functions of the body |
| joint | a place where one bone meets another |
| larynx | structure that houses the vocal cords and is located inferior to the pharynx and superior to the trachea |
| lateral | refers to the left or right of the midline (towards the side) of the body |
| lateral recumbent | a position in which the patient is llying on the left or right side |
| lumbar spine | the five certebrae that form the lower back. |
| lungs | principal organs of respiration |
| malleolus | the knobby surface landmark of the ankle |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| manubrium | the superior portion of the sternum where the clavicle is attached |
| maxillae | the fused bones of the upper jaw |
| medial | toward the midline or center of the body |
| metacarpals | the bones of the hand |
| metatarsals | the bones the form the arch of the foot |
| midaxillary | refers to the center of the armpit |
| midaxillary line | and imaginary line that divides the body into anterior and posterior planes (armpit to ankle) |
| midclavicular | refers to the center of the collarbone |
| midclavicular line | the imaginary line form the center of either clavicl don the anterior thorax |
| midline | an imaginary line drawn vertically through the middle fo the patient's body, dividing it into right and left planes |
| musculoskeletal system | the system of bones and muscle plus connective tissue that provides support and protection to the body and permits motion |
| nasal bones | bones that form the bed of the nose |
| nasopharynx | nasal portion of the pharynx situated above the soft palate |
| nervous system | the body system including the brain, psinal cord, and nerves that controls the voluntary and involuntary activity of the human body |
| normal anatomical position | a position in which the patient is standing erect, facing forward, with arms down at the sides and palms forward |
| olecarnon | the part of the ulna that forms the bony prominance of the elbow |
| orbits | eye sockets |
| oropharynx | the central portion of the pharynx lying between the soft palate and the epigglottis with the mouth as the opening |
| palmar | relates to the palm of the hand |
| patella | kneecap |
| pelvis | the bones that form the floor of the abdominal cavity: sacram/coccyx of spine, iliac crests, pubis and ischium |
| perfusion | the delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems, which results through the constant adequate circulation of blood through the capillaries |
| peripheral nervous system | the protion of the nervous system located outside the brain/spinal cord |
| phalanges | bones of the fingers. thumbs, toes |
| pharynx | the throat of passageway for air from the nasal cavity to the larynx and the passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus |
| physiology | the sutdy of the function of the living body and its parts |
| plantar | refers to the sole of the foot |
| plasma | the liquid part of the blood |
| platelets | components of blood that are essential to the formation of blood clots |
| posterior | toward the back |
| posterior plane | the back or dorsal side of the body |
| posterior tibial artery | a major artery that travels from the calf to the foot and then can be felt on the lateral surface of the ankle bone |
| prone | lying on the stomach |
| proximal | near the point of reference |
| pubis | the bone of the groin |
| pulmonary artery | artery that leads from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs |
| pulmonary vein | vein that drains the lungs and returns the blood to the left atrium of the heart |
| pulse | the wave of blood propelled through the arteries as a result of the contraction of the left ventricle |
| radial artery | a major artery of the arm, distal to the elbow joint |
| radius | the lateral bone of the forearm |
| red blood cells | part of the blood that gives it its color, carries oxygen to body cells and carries carbon dioxide away from body cells |
| respiratory system | the organs involved in the exchange of gases between an organizm and the atmosphere |
| sacral spine/sacrum | five vertebrae which are fused together to form the rigid part of the posterior side of the pelvis |
| scapula | shoulder blade |
| skull | the bony structure azt the top of the spinal column that houses and protects the brain. consists of cranium and face |
| spinal column | the column of vertebraw that encloses the spinal cord |
| sternum | breastbone |
| subcutaneous layer | a layer of fatty tissue just below the dermis |
| superior | above, toward the head |
| superior plane | everything above the transverse line |
| supine | lying on the back |
| systolic blood pressure | the pressure exerrted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts |
| tarsals | the bones fo the ankle, hind foot, midfoot |
| thoracic spine | the upper back, twelve vertebrae inferior to cervical spine |
| thorax | the chest (above the diaphragm, below the neck) |
| thyroid cartilage | the adam's apple, the anterior cartilage that covers the larynx |
| tibia | the medial, larger bone of the lower leg (shinbone) |
| trachea | windpipe |
| transverse line | an imaginary line drawn horizontally through the waist |
| trndelenburg position | lying on the back with the lower part of the body elevated higher than the heart on an inclined plane |
| ulna | the medial bone of the forearm |
| valves | structures within the circulato9ry system that keep blood flowing in one direction and prevent backflow |
| vein | a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart |
| venae cavae | the principal veins that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart |
| ventral | toward the front/anterior portion of the body |
| ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart |
| venule | the smallest branch of a vein |
| vertebrae | the 33 bony segments of the spinal column |
| voluntary/skeletal muscle | any muscle that can be consciously controlled by the individual |
| white blood cells | the part of the blood that helps the body's immune system defend against infection |
| xiphoid process | inferior portion fo the sternum |
| zygomatic bones | the cheek bones |
