| A | B |
|---|
| nutrient | the usable portions of food |
| calorie | a measurement of the amount of energy that can be obtained from nutrients |
| protein | nutrient that is made of amino acids and that helps build and repair body parts |
| ptyalin | enzyme in saliva that breaks down starches into sugars |
| carbohydrate | energy rich nutrient found in foods such as vegetables and grain products |
| fat | nutrient that supplies the body with twice as much energy and twice as many calories as a carbohydrate |
| esophagus | tube that carries food to the stomach |
| peristalsis | waves of involuntary muscular contractions that move food through the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine |
| stomach | J-shaped organ that connects the esophagus to the small intestine |
| pepsin | enzyme made in the stomach that digests proteins |
| small intestine | organ in which most digestion takes place |
| liver | organ that makes bile |
| pancreas | organ that makes pancreatic juice |
| gall bladder | organ that stores bile |
| villi | fingerlike projections that line the small intestine, allowing nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodsteam |
| large intestine | organ in which water is absorbed, vitamins K and B are made, and undigested food is stored |
| rectum | organ found at the end of the large intestine |
| anus | opening at the end of the rectum through which solid wastes are eliminated |
| mechanical digestion | digestion that occurs when food is physically broken down (i.e. teeth) |
| chemical digestion | digestion that occurs when food is broken down by enzymes (i.e. ptyalin and pepsin) |
| bile | digestive juice made by the liver that breaks down fats |
| artery | blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart |
| capillary | tiny, thin-walled blood vessel that connects an artery to a vein |
| vein | blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart |
| red blood cell | cell that carries oxygen throughout the body |
| white blood cell | cell that defends the body against invading organisms |
| platelets | cell fragment that helps in the blood clotting process |
| plasma | liquid portion of blood that carries nutrients throughout the body |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing protein found in red blood cells |
