| A | B |
|---|
| chromosome mutations | changed in genetic material that involves the entire chromosomes or pieces of them |
| if chromosome mutation happens during meiosis | mutation can be passed on to offspring |
| deletion | one or more genes can be lost entiredly from a chromosome during division, one way can occur is if homologous chromosomes cross over unequally during meiosis |
| duplication | in unequal crossover, one chromosmes has recieved extra piece, which duplicates some genes (in other words, when a chromosomes recieves an extra duplicate piece from it's homologous partner) |
| translocation | a whole chromosomes or peice of a chromosome attaches to a chromosome in a different pair |
| inversion | a fragment of a chromosome can break free, turn complretely around, and re-attache in reverse order |
| nondisjuction | the failure of chromatids or chromosomes to separate during cell division |
| monosomy | in which the zygote recieves only one of a particula type of chromoseom instead of 2, as normal zygote would |
| trisomy | in which the zygote recieves 3 chromosomes of a particular type instead of 2 (like normal zygote) |
| polyploids | in which nondisjunction occurs in all the pairs of chromosomes at once |
| in nature when can polyploidy occur? | as a result of 2 genetic mechanisms |
| why are polyploids important in plant evolution? | they're an important source of genetic variation among plants |
| what percent of all plant species are polyploids? | 25-50% |
| what are two examples of polyploid plants? | potatoes, oats |
| polyploid organisms | have 3 or more entire sets of chromosomes, orgs result of polyploidy. |
