| A | B |
|---|
| Earthquake | A sudden movement of the earth's outermost layer |
| Shock waves produced by an earthquake are also called what? | seismic waves |
| seismic waves are detected and recorded by a... | seismograph |
| seismic waves called p waves and s waves are used to study what? | the structure and composition of the Earth's interior |
| The care of the earth is made of a __ outer core and a __ inner core. Both core layers are composed of ___ and __ | lquid, solid, iron, nickel |
| Although the temperature is high enough to melt iron and nickel, why is their inner core solid? | b/c of the enormous pressure |
| What may be the cause of the Earth's magnetic field? | the dense iron and nickel in the inner core |
| the temperature range of the Earth's outer core is from about ___ to almost ___ | 2200 degrees C to almost 5000 degrees C |
| how do P waves and S waves react to liquids? how has this info helped scientists? | P waves do not move well. S waves don't move at all. This info helped scientists determine that the outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid |
| What is the mantle | the layer of the Earth that lies above the outer core |
| what % of the Earth's volume does the mantle make up? What % of the Earth's mass | volume: 80% mass:68% |
| What is the Moho? | the boundary between the Earth's outermost layer and the mantle |
| What is the composition of the Mantle? | silicon, oxygen, iron, magnesium |
| Pressure and temperature will __ with depth in the mantle | increase |
| B/c of tremendous __ and __ in the mantle, rocks in the mantle exhibit the property of plasticity | heat and pressure |
| What is the crust? | the thing outermost layer of the earth |
| what is the composition of the crust | igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks |
| what are the most abundant elements in the crust? | oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium |
| how thick is oceanic crust? how thick is continental crust? | oceanic: 8 km continental: 32 km |
| the __ forms the upper part of the lithosphere. what does the lithosphere contain? | crust. the lithosphere contains large sections called lithospheric plates |
| Lithospheric plates move about on the ___, what is __? it exhibits the property of ___ | asthenosphere-the outermost edge of the mantle. plasticity |
