| A | B |
|---|
| Verbal Message | Words used to communicate-Messages from what you say |
| Nonverbal Message | Messages from how you look and act |
| Messages | Ideas and feelings that people send or receive when they communicate |
| 50 to 90% | Messages sent are Nonverbal |
| Verbal Language | A system of spoken and written words |
| Nonverbal Language | A communication without words-Body Language, appearance, and the sound of the voice are cues or signals of nonverbal communication |
| Four functions | Nonverbal language serves these functions: 1. to commplement (agree with) verbal messages; 2. to emphasize verbal messages; 3. to replace verbal messages; 4. to contradict verbal messages. |
| Complements Verbal Language | That's hilarious. Smiling, laughing |
| Emphasizes Verbal Message | Do it now! Pounding on desk |
| Replaces Verbal Message | No verbal answer (in respoonse to the question "Did you get tickets?") Nodding or shaking your head |
| Contradicts Verbal Message | Great haircut you got there. Spoken in an unfriendly (nasty) tone of voice |
| Five Important Features | Verbal language has these: 1. language is a system. 2. Language is symbolic. 3. Language is conventional. 4. Language is learned. 5.Language changes. |
| Denotation | Its dictionary meaning. A word may have several different denotations. Example: quarter=25 cents and quarter=sleeping area |
| Connotation | Its hidden meaning, tthe often powerful feelings and associations that the word arouses. The feelings that you have about a word may depend on the experiences that you have had. Example: dog may mean something good or bad to different people. |
| Positive Connotations | Handsome, natural, beauty |
| Negative Connotations | Rat, pain, decay, foul |
| Neutral Connotations | Table, number, paragraph, exterior |
| Standard American English | Language that follows the rules and guidelines found in grammar and composition books. |
| Jargon, Slang, and Dialect | Subject Languages-a subsystem of an established language |
| Jargon | A specialized vocabulary that is understood by people in a particular group or field-teenagers or rock musicians-nose guard, anchor |
| Dialect | A regional or cultural variety of language differing from standard American English in pronunciation, grammar, or word choice like hawg (hog), youse (you), pail (bucket), flapjack (pancake) |
| Slang | When speaking in informal situations like hassle, nerd, dude, cool, and bummer |
| Perception Check | A verbal response stating one person's understanding of someone else's noverbal behavior |
| Body Language | The use of facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, posture, and movement to communicate |
| Mask | Adopting facial expressions normally associated with one feeling to disguise otherr, true feelings-smiling to hide pain |
| Eye contact | Usually a sign of honesty and straightforwardness |
| Gesture | Movements people make with their arms, hands, and fingers |
| Posture | Body Position-The way you hold your body when you walk and the way you sit on a chair tell others a great deal about you. |
| Movement | The way a person moves. The way you sit, walk, stand, and perform other actions creates an impression on others and is interpreted as having meaning. |
| Facial Expressions | Winking |
| Eye Contact | Looking the other person in the eye while talking |
| Gestures | Nodding for yes |
| Posture | Standing tall and sure or slumping in a chair |
| Movement | Walking with a quick, lively step or dragging feet reluctantly |
| Appearance | A major part of a first impression is created by |
| Clue to interests | Your appearance can be interpreted as a |
| Self-regard | Appearance can be interpreted as a sign of a person's |
| Paralanguage | A type of nonverbal communication that involves using voice variation and extraneous words and sounds to communicate |
| Three types of paralanguage | Sound of a person's voice-soft or loud, a speaker's use of pause, and the use of extraneous words (strange) in spoken communication like "you know," "well," "uh" |
| Environment | All features of the immediate surroundings-are nonverbal communication because they can affect your behavior and mood as well as that of your audience, such as lighting, color, and sound. |
| Intimate space | Up to 18 inches between you and other people |
| Personal space | A distance ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet between you and other people- the distance at which you conduct most conversations. |
| Social space | A distance from 4 to 12 feet between you and other people-the distance at which you interview for a job and other formal conversations |
| Public space | The area beyond 12 feet between you and others-the distance at which you expect such types of communication as public speeches and oral readings to take place |
| ASL | American Sign Language |
| Pantomime | A way of sending messages nonverbally |
