| A | B |
|---|
| nucleotide | sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base |
| adenine | pairs with thymine |
| thymine | pairs with adenine |
| guanine | pairs with cytosine |
| cytosine | pairs with guanine |
| uracil | replaces thymine in RNA |
| hydrogen bonds | weak bonds that hold the base pairs together |
| replication | process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself |
| DNA | deoxyribose, phosphate group and nitrogen bases |
| RNA | ribose, phosphate group and nitrogen bases |
| transcription | process by which DNA makes RNA |
| messenger RNA | carries the code for a protein from the nucleus to a ribosome |
| transfer RNA | carries amino acids from the cytoplasn to the ribosome |
| ribosomal RNA | makes up the ribosome |
| codon | three base sequence on mRNA coding for a specific amino acid |
| anticodon | completmentary three bases that match the mRNA's codon |
| translation | a.k.a. protein synthesis |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| F. Griffith | showed that one strain of bacteria could be transformed into harmful bacteria |
| Avery, McCarty and MacLeod | proved that DNA was the transformation factor |
| Hershey and Chase | used bacteriophages and radioactive markers to show that DNA is injected into bacteria |
| double helix | describes the shape of DNA |
| Franklin and Wilkins | used X- ray diffraction to determine the shape of DNA |
| Watson and Crick | proposed the first accepted model of DNA |
| Chargaff's Rule | amount of C=G and T=A |
