| A | B |
|---|
| laissez-faire economy | operates with supply and demand and is free from government interference |
| socialism | workers or the government control the means of production |
| Karl Marx | believed history advanced as the result of the struggle between classes |
| communism | society in which the proletariat own everything; classes and government disappear |
| utilitarianism | judging actions or government by usefulness in making the greatest number happiness |
| Friedrich Engels | wrote The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital with Karl Marx |
| cell theory | all living things are made up of tiny units of matter |
| evolution | all plants and animals are descended from a common ancestor |
| natural selection | animals change and adapt to their environment this way |
| genetics | science of how living things pass characteristics from one generation to the next |
| small pox | disease that Jenner prevented with vaccination |
| bacteria | cause of infectious diseases discovered by Louis Pasteur |
| antiseptics | Lister's discovery that sterilized surgical tools |
| atomic theory | all matter is made up of atoms; idea of John Dalton |
| urbanization | rapid growth of cities around industrial centers |
| iron pipe | sanitation improved with this invention which made sewers possible |
| famine | general scarcity of food resulting in widespread hunger |
| pollution | a negative impact of factories and cities |
| romanticism | emotions and a way of feeling expressed in art |
| Alexandre Dumas | romantic novelist who wrote The Three Musketeers |
| realism | writiers and painters tried to portray life as it is; rejected sentimental images |
| Charles Dickens | English writer of realistic novels about the poor and industrial cities |
| Gustave Courbet | French realist painter who painted Burial at Ornans |
| symbolism | movement in which writer used shadowy images to suggest ideas rather than making direct statements |
| impressionism | a school of painters who rejected many traditional rules of art and used color and light in their works |
| Claude Monet | artist who painted the same subject at different times to show how light and color changed |
| post-impressionism | a movement in which painter took a personal approach to art and formed their own styles |
| Paul Gauguin | French painter who moved to the south Pacific to search for universal truths in a non industrial society |
