| A | B |
|---|
| public policies | All of those things a government decides to do, taxation, defense, and education... |
| Locke | He spoke of the social contract between people and their government. People should only give up rights necessary in order for government to protect the people. That government is chosen by the will of the people. |
| state | Population, territory, sovereignty, and government |
| purposes of government | The Preamble to the Constitution outlines these six items |
| Natural Rights | Unalienable rights. These rights cannot be taken away. |
| State of Nature | The imaginary situation in which government does not exist |
| Social Contract Theory | The Declaration of Independence used this theory of origins of the state as its justification for revolution |
| Country | Geographic boundaries of a state, a particular place, region, or area of land |
| nation | An ethnic term referring to races or other large groups of people |
| State | Lacks one of the elements of the state, this is |
| Evolutionary Theory | The state developed over time beginning with the early family structure, growing to a clan, growing into a tribe, growing into larger governments |
| sovereign | Each state can decide its own foreign and domestic policies. Each state can decide its own form of government |
| Divine Right Theory | The state originated when God gave those of royal birth the right to rule unquestioned |
| Beccaria | He is the father of the eighth amendment, no cruel or unusual punishment |
| Montesquieu | He spoke of separation of powers between the three branches of government |
| Force Theory | The state originated when one person or group took control of an area making everyone in that area under that person’s or group’s rule |
| Adam Smith | He spoke of the invisible hand. Because people are greedy a pure market economy is best for society |
| Hobbes | He believed people were born into a state of conflict. A social contract is needed to correct the natural state of chaos. The social contract is between the people and their King. The Crown protects the people from themselves |
| Social Contract Theory | The state originated when people agreed to give up to the state as much power as was needed to promote the well-being of all. |
| Presidential Government | The executive and legislative branches each can check the actions of the other branch |
| Unitary Government | All political powers in a state are concentrated at the central level |
| Totalitarian Dictatorship | “everything within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state” |
| Civic Virtue | Giving up individual interests for the common good of society |
| Parliamentary Government | the executive must resign if defeated by the legislature on important issues (Voted no confidence) |
| Confederacy | Independent states retain their sovereignty |
| Federal Government | Powers are divided between Local Government and Central Government |
| Geographic Distribution of Power | Unitary, Federal, Confederate |
| U.S. Government | Federal, Presidential, Democracy |
