| A | B |
|---|
| affecting variable | independent variable |
| affected variable | dependent variable |
| axis | a line drawn through the center of a figure |
| bar graph | a graph using parallel bars (vertical or horizontal) which are proportional lengths to represent data |
| bias | an unwanted influence on a sample that prevents the sample from being representative of the population it is selected from |
| biased sample | sample is not representative of the population from which it is taken because the method used to collect the data contains unwanted influence(s) |
| central tendency | point within the range about which the rest of the data is considered balanced |
| circle chart | pie chart |
| cluster | a number of similar items (points) grouped closely together on a graph |
| continuous | variable where measurements are uninterrupted and connected between data points |
| convenience sampling | an easily accessible group of people is chosen, and everyone in that group is surveyed |
| cluster sampling | a particular segment of the population is sampled using existing lists (Constituencies, Wards, Households, ...) |
| dependent event | an event whose outcome affects the occurrence of another event |
| dependent variable | dependent variable relies on the changes in the independent variable. The dependent variable is what we measure. |
| discreet | variable where measurements that are distinct, periodic, and unconnected between data points |
| experimental probability | the numerical measure of what actually happens in an experiment; actual outcomes ÷ possible outcomes |
| experimental results | data (obtained by a test/ survey) |
| extrapolate | to estimate a value by following a pattern and going beyond values already known |
| extreme values | the highest and lowest numbers in a set |
| favourable outcomes | number of desired choices |
| frequency | the number of items in a particular category or the number of times an event occurs |
| frequency diagram | a diagram used to record the number of times an event occurs |
| gaps | spaces in the data set without a segment of the population |
| historical results | calculation based upon past performance |
| independent event | an event whose outcome does not affect the occurrence of another event |
| independent variable | does not relying on an other variable. The values of the independent variable can be chosen freely. |
| inference | conclusion |
| interpolate | to calculate or estimate values between two known values in a set of data |
| line graph | a graph that uses line segments to show how data change over a period of time |
| line of best fit | a straight line graph that best fits a set of data |
| linear relationship | a polynomial function of degree one whose graph of is a straight line |
| lower extreme | minimum data value |
| lower quartile | separates the first 25% of the distribution from the remaining 75% |
| mean | the sum of all the results included in the sample divided by the number of observations |
| median | the middle value of all the numbers in the sample |
| mode | the most frequently observed value of the measurements in the sample. There can be more than one mode or no mode. |
| negative correlation | one set of data decreases as the other set of data increases |
| no correlation | the two data sets are not related |
| non-linear relationship | raph does not form a straight line |
| objective probability | based exclusively on data. Anyone who does the calculation will get the same answer. |
| outlier | a point in a sample separated from the main body of the sample |
| population | a group of items from which a sample is taken for statistical measurement |
| positive correlation | both sets of data increase together |
| possible outcome | total number of choices |
| probability | a measure associated with an event, A, and denoted P(A) |
| proportional | when the ratio of corresponding values remains constant |
| random | not following a pattern or rule |
| range | upper extreme minus lower extreme |
| relationship | the association between, or property of, two or more objects |
| sample | a selection from a population |
| scale | a sequence of marks, usually along a line, used in making measurements |
| scatterplot | graphical method of showing the correlation between two variables |
| sector | part of a circle bounded by two radii and an arc between them (looks like a piece of a pie |
| self-selective sample | a population provides information by volunteering their opinions |
| simple random sampling | the sample is chosen randomly from the population |
| simulate | to copy or represent with a model |
| stratified random sampling | the population is divided into groups (strata) and the data is collected from the strata by simple random sampling |
| statistics | collection, display, and analysis of data |
| strong correlation | when the data is clustered along an obvious line |
| subjective judgement | own opinion |
| subjective probability | based on own opinions |
| survey | a general view or description |
| systematic sampling | every nth member of the population is sampled. The list being sampled may be ordered (alphabetical, seniority, street number, etc). |
| theoretical probability | the numerical measure of the likelihood that an event will happen; favourable outcomes ÷ possible outcomes |
| trend | relationship between two sets of data |
| unbiased sample | sample is representative of the population from which it is taken |
| upper extreme | maximum data value |
| upper quartile | separates the first 75% of the distribution from the remaining 25% |
| variable | a mathematical entity that can stand for any of the members of a given set |
| weak correlation | when the data is not clustered along an obvious line |
| bivariate | a statistics investigation with two variables |
