| A | B |
|---|
| Suspension | A mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration. |
| Solution | A well-mixed mixture (like water and table salt). |
| Solvent | The part of a solution present in the largest amount; it dissolves other substances. |
| Solute | The substance present in a solution in a smaller amount and dissolved by the solution. |
| Forming Solutions | Whenever a solution forms, particles of the solute leave each other and become surrounded by particles of the solvent. |
| Dilute solution | Small amounts of solute dissolved in the solvent. |
| Concentrated solution | Large amounts of solute dissolved in the solvent. |
| Saturated solution | The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in the solvent. (salt and water) |
| Solubility | A measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. |
| Unsaturated solution | A solution in which more solute can be dissolved |
| Factors of solubility | Temperature, pressure, and type of solvent affect the solubility of a substance. |
| Lower Freezing points | Solutes lower the freezing points of solvents (Salt and water in the slushy lab) |
| Higher boiling points | Solutes raise the boiling point of a solvent. |
| Acids | A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, turns litmus paper red; Any substance that produces Hydrogen ions (H+) in water. |
| Corrosive | Acids are corrosive (eat away, dissolve) metals and other materials. |
| Carbonate reactions | Acids react with carbonates (like limestone) by effervescing (bubbling). |
| Indicator | A compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base. |
| Bases | Bases are substances that taste bitter, feel slippery, and turns litmus paper blue; any substance that produces Hydroxide ions (OH-) in water |
| Hydrogen ion (H+) | An atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron loser! Key to all reactions of acids. |
| Hydroxide ion (OH-) | A negative ion made of oxygen and hydrogen. |
| .pH scale | A range of values from 0 to 14 that expresses the concentration of Hydrogen ions in a solution (potential hydrogen) |
| Low pH | Concentration of hydrogen ions is high (pH 0 6) acidic |
| High pH | Concentration of hydrogen ions is low (pH 8-14) basic or alkaline |
| Neutral pH | Water has a neutral pH of 7 |
| Acid rain | More acidic than normal water, caused by the release of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides that react with water in the atmosphere to form nitric acid and sulfuric acid |
| Neutralization | Reaction between acid and base that results in neutralization. (pH 7) |
| Salt | Any ionic compound made from the neutralization of an acid with a base. (Positive ion of the base with the negative ion of the acid) |
| Neutralization reaction | A neutralization reaction produces water and a salt. |
| Digestion | Digestion breaks down food into simpler substances that can be used for fuel; the process of digestion breaks down complex molecules into smaller ones. |
| Mechanical digestion | (like mechanical weathering of rocks) breaks, tears, grinds, andmashes large food particles into smaller ones (increases the surface area for chemical reactions to proceed.) |
| Chemical digestion | Breaks large molecules into smaller molecules; changes one substance into others. |
| Digestive enzymes | Some digestive enzymes have a low pH (acidic) and some must be neutral (7) or high. |
