| A | B |
|---|
| Nomads | Group of people that do not have permenant homrs and wander from place to place in seach of food and water |
| Paleoithic Age | Prehistoric age starting at 2,500,000 B.C. going to 8,000 BC Also called the Old Stone Age where they made use of crude stone tools and wapons. |
| Prehistoric | A time before written records. |
| Importance of Mary Leakys Footprint Disocery | It showed us that humans were around much longer than we thought and they were found in the region of Laetoli in Tanzania, an East African Nation. |
| Where did human life first occur | In Tanzania, an East African Nation. |
| Importance of the discovery of Lucy and about when was she found? | She was 3.5 Million years old and was important because the was the oldest and most complete human skeleton we have ever found. |
| Artifact | They are remains, such as tools, jewelry, and other human-made objects. |
| Difference between homo erectus, homo habilis, and Cro-Magnons | Homo Habilis was from 2.5-1.5 million b.c., was found in East Africa, had the brain size of 700 cm, and was the first to make stone tools. Homo Erectus was from 1.6-30,000 b.c. found in Africa, Asia, and Europe, and had a brain size of 1,000 cm3. Cro-Magnons are from 40,000-8,000 b.c., are found in Europe, have the brain size of 1,400 cm3, represent fully modern humans, and created art. |
| Purpose of Pyramids | They were to honor their dead, usually pharaohs, and were started around 2,550 b.c. |
| Why do Egyptians mummify? | To help their dead get to the very popular after life. |
| Why was the Fertile Crescent fertile? | The Tigris and Euphrate4s rivers flooded Mesopotamia at least once a year and the fertile cresent was right in the middle and the rivers would leave a rich bed of silt good for growing. |
| Hammurabi's Code (purpose, and what they were like) | Its purpose was to help to unify the diverse groups within his empire. Usually appiled the principe of retaliation (an eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth) to punish crimes, it was very severe but worked. |
| Characteristics of the Nile | Evy year in Jly rains and melting snow from the mountins of east-central Africa cause it to flood the banks, The delta would be when the water receded and left a rich bed of soil, it flows northware for 4,100 miles, and is lokated in Egypt. |
| King Tut | King Tut was known for his young age, short term, and killing his father and died in 1374 b.c. |
| Cuneiform | a system of wrting with wedge-shaped symbols, invented by the Summerians around 3000 b.c. |
| 5 Key Traits of a Civilaztion | a form of culture characterized by cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology. |
| Ziggurat | a tiered, pyramid-shaped strucure that formed part of a Sumerian temple. |
| The Rosetta Stone | A stone containg three languages including hieroglyphics, a simpler form of hieroglyphics, and Greek which helped us translate hieoglphics since we knew greek. |
| Papyrus | a tall read that grows in the Nile Delta, used by the ancient Gyptians to make a paperlike material for writing on. |
| Akhenaton | ? ? |
| Irrigation Ditches | People of Sumer first used them and they are ditches dug in the ground from the river to their crops to bring water. |
| Monsoon | a wind that shifts in direction at certain times of each year. |
| Monarchy | a goverment in whish power is in the hands of a single person. |
| Dynasty | A series of rulers from a single family. |
| Monotheism | A belief in a single god. |
| Polytheism | A belief in many gods. |
| Theocracy | A goverment in which the ruler is viewed as a divine fiure or controlled by religious leaders. |
| About when were pyramids built? | 2660 b.c. |
| Caste System | The Aryans social class Brahmins (priests) were on top, then came Kshatriyas (rulers and warriors), next Vaishyas (peasants and traders), finally the worse Shudras (laborers) |
| Similarities and differences in Hinduism and Buddhism | Similarities: Reincarnation, Sacred Writings (VedasH, and 4 TruthsB), Karma and Enlightement, No single set of ideas. DifferencesL Belief in one/many gods, had women/not a lot of women, domination of society/no domination, Bdharma-Laws, HLed to Janism and Buddhism, B had munks and nunes, B isn't practicied a lot. |
| Karma | In Hinduism and Buddhism, the totality of the good and bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth. |
| Mokesha | In Buddhism a state of perfect understanding of all things |
| Nirvana | In Buddhism the releave from pain and suffering achieved after enlightenment. |
| Enlightenment | In Buddhism, a state of perfect wisdom in which one understands basic turth about the universe. |
| Phoenicians Contributions | a seafaring people of SOuthwest Asia, who around 1100 b.c. began to trade and found colonies throughout the Mediterranean region. Shipbuilders, Alphabet. Worked with wood, metal, glass, and ivory, and Purple Dye from Snails |
| Covenant | A mutual promise or agreement espically an agreement between God and the Hebrew People as recorded in the Bible. |
| How did Siddartha Gautama (Buddha) become enlightened. | He sat in meditation under a large fig tree for 49 Days. |
| Eightfold Path | It was a way for a Buddha to achieve enlightenment/Nirvana where he had to master one step at a time. |
| Why was it difficult to unite Greeks? | ? ? |
| epics of Homer, Describe? | They were narrative poems celebrating heroic deeds between 750- and 700 b.c. The Trojan War was the main topic of Homers epics. |
| Spartan Characteristics/Qualities | Sparta had only men in government serveral social groups, had a strong military. and valued duty, strength, and discipline over individuality, beauty, and freedom. |
| Why did Alexander stop? | They had been fighting for 11 years and had marched more than 11,000 miles enduring both schorching deserts, and drenching monson rains, They were exhausted. |
| Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? | Sparta and Athens |
| What caused the start of the Persian Wars? | When the Persian Empire conquered the land of Ionia on the coast of Anatolia where Greeks had been settled there since 520 b.c. |
| What happened to Socrates and why? | He was condemned to death by Athens for corruptings the citys youth and neglecting hte city's gods because his teachings questioned their belief and he died after drinking a slow acting poison. |
| Hellenism | After the death of ALexander the great the blending of Greek, Eygyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures. |
| Myth-Purpose | to pass on traditional stories about gods, ancestors, or heroes, told to exlain the natural world or the customs and beliefs of a society. |
| Parthenon-what and where is it | Is a building on the Acropolis in Greece. |
| Philip the Second | King of Macedonia who planned to move against Persia and seize its vbast wealth, and avenge the Persian invasion of Greece in 480 b.c. |
| Darius the Great | Persian King that vowed to crush Alexander and the Macedonians. |
| Xerxes | Darius the Greats son and succcessor who tried to crush Greece |
| Pericles | Fought at the battle of Salamis in the Persian Wars, and was well known for his political achievements as a leader of Athens. |
| Why was Rome a good geographic location for a city? | They were on very fertile soil, near the Mediterranean Sea, and had hills and Mts. around and protecting them. |
| Who fought in the Punic Wars and why-importance of Scipio and Hannibal. | Rome and Carthage, Hannibal was a brilliant military strategist who wanted to avenge Carthages earlier defeat and was the closest to ever defeating Rome. Scipio devised a plan to attack Carthage which would force Hannibal to return home and Rome won. |
| Pax Romana | a period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 b.c. to 180 a.d. |
| Diocletians Reforms | He doubled the size of Roman Armies, drafted prisoners of war, hired German mercenaries, attempted to control inflation by setting fixed prices for goods, ordered farmers to remain on their lands and other workers to stay in their jobs for life, claimed descent from the ancient Roman gods, persecuted Christians, and split Rome into Greek speaking East and Latin speaking West. |
| Germanic invasions who and why? | Germanic people were people by the Rhine River- Franks, Burgundians, and Vandal who werew scared of the Huns but when they started moving west they also moved and conquered Rome slowly, but surely. |
| Outcome of the battle between Mark Antony, Clepatra and Octavian. | Octavian defeated the combined forces of Cleo and Antony so later they both commitied suicide. |
| Spartacus-importance of | He saved the Gladiators and gave freedom to Rome |
| Story of Jesus and Deciples | Was born inthe townof Bethlehem, was very religious and taught Christianity, ws sensed as a threat to Roman and Jewish leaders and ews sentenced to crusifacation. |
| Difference between Plebian and a Patrician | Plebian is a peasent and poor Patricians were rich and powerfull. |
| Bifference betweena Roman senator, consul, and dictator | Senator is a memer of the aristocratic branch for life and had enormous influence over both foreign and domestic policy, Consul istwo powerful officials elected each yaeer to command the army and direct the government, and a Dictator isa political leader given absolute power to make laws and command the army for a limited time. |
| About when did Caesar Rule? | 60 b.c. - 40 b.c. |
