| A | B |
|---|
| traditional agriculture | human and animal labor, basic farm tools, no surplus |
| commercial agriculture | machinery produces a surplus, which is for sale |
| capitalism | individuals own private property and businesses which they operate for their own benefit |
| dictatorship | government ruled by a leader with complete power over the land and its people |
| socialism | individuals can own private property and businesses, but the gov't controls some industries |
| constitutional monarchy | has a king or queen, but an elected group of officials makes the laws |
| culture | the way of life of a society |
| migrate | the permanent movement of humans from one area to another |
| technology | use of tools and skills to help fill needs |
| cradles of civilization | Egypt, Iraq, Pakistan, China |
| population density | number of people per sq mile or kilometer |
| developed country | has enough food, clothing and shelter for the people and good health care and education |
| developing country | not enough food, clothing and shelter for people and inadequate health care and education |
| Mesopotamia | between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| 7 billion | world's current population |
| natural cultural barriers | mountains, oceans, jungles, deserts |
| religion | an organized way of worshipping a spiritual being |
| political scientists | study various types of governments |
| surplus | an extra amount of something |
| industry | businesses that produce a good or service |
| literacy rate | number of people in a country that can read and write |
| authoritarian government | a small group makes the decisions for the entire country |
| life expectancy | a measure of the health care system in a country based on how long the average person lives |
| democracy | citizens elect their leaders |
| communism | the government owns all means of production and operates them for the benefit of everyone |
| China | the most populous nation in the world |
| xenophobia | the fear of foreigners or foreign culture |
| necessities for civilization | near a river, fertile soil, mild climate |
| absolute monarchy | a king or queen with real power |
