| A | B |
|---|
| Archeologists | learn about people of ancient times by discovering artifacts. |
| Artifact | something an archeoligist finds. i.e- potter, jewelery, weapons, etc |
| Hominid | a primate of the Hominidae family, first human race to walk upright |
| Paleolithic Age | 7500 years ago, earlies chipped stone toolss were developed during this age. It ended 15,000 yearss ago. |
| Neolithic Age | the time when people started to shift from hunting and gathering to farming. The best soil was found in the river vallies |
| Neolithic Revolution | started at the end of the ice age, created shift from hunting/gathering to farming. |
| Five characteristics of civilization | specialized jobs, advanced cities, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology |
| Silt | left behind from floods, rich soil, very fertile for farming. |
| Irrigation | a way of making a water system lead to crops and fields in order to keep them well watered. |
| Polytheism | the belief in many gods |
| Mandate of Heaven | divine approval of a just ruler. |
| Dynastic Cycle | the pattern of rise, decline and replacement of dynasties. |
| Oracle Bone | animal bones and tortise shells used to communicate with gods |
| Sumerians | had social classes, wealthy merchants, etc. In work, equal rights between men and women were not established yet. Had cuneform writing, developed first map, surveying and used scribes |
| Pharoahs | egyptian king like rulers, were believed to be as powerful as gods |
| Dynasties | a series of rulers from a single family |
| Hammurabi | started rule using strict code of laws, representing the thought "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." |
| Menes | a strong willed kind of Upper Egypt, untied all of Egypt |
| Theocracy | a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure |
| Sargon of Akkada | a conquerer, led his army from a city-state north of Sumer. They were a Semitic people, and his conquests helped to spread their culture even farther--beyond the Tigris-Euphrates River Vallies |
