| A | B |
|---|
| sedimentary rocks | formed when eroded sediment is deposited, compacted, and/or cemented into new rock |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material from rocks or living things (ex: sand) |
| weathering | the breaking down of rocks and other materials on the earth's surface |
| mechanical weathering | type of weathering that breaks rocks into smaller pieces (ex: root pry) |
| chemical weathering | type of weathering that changes the chemical makeup (molecules) of rocks (ex: rust) |
| erosion | moves weathered rock, soil and other sediments from one place to another |
| agents (causes) of erosion | running water, wind, waves, ice and gravity |
| deposition | sediment is dropped and settles out of the water or wind carrying it |
| compaction | presses layers of sediment together to form sedimentary rock |
| cementation | minerals in water fill the spaces between sediments, crystallize and glue the sediment together to form sedimentary rock |
| soil | combination of weathered rock and humus |
| humus | the organic part of the soil formed by rotting dead things |
| decomposers | living things like bacteria that break down dead things and turn them into humus, returning nutrients to the soil |
| glacier | mass of snow and ice moving slowly, can be valley or continental |
| iceberg | piece of glacier that broke off into the sea, most of it is underwater |
| retreat | move back, as when a glacier is melting faster than new snow/ice is added |
| advance | move forward, as when more new snow/ice is added than melted |
| erratic | out-of-place rock (such as a boulder in a field) deposited by glacier |
| kettle | This is formed when a block of ice from a glacier gets left behind, gets surrounded by sediment, and melts. This will be a dry hole unless it's deeper than the water table, then it will be a lake. |
| striations | scratches made by rocks carried by glaciers |
| till | mixture of unsorted, different-sized sediments deposited by glaciers |
| moraine | ridge of till formed by sediment dropped where the glacier began to retreat |
| esker | mound of sediment in the shape of a river, deposited by a stream that flowed under a glacier |
