| A | B |
|---|
| consciousness | A person's awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts at a given moment |
| jet lag | Temporary maladjustment that occurs when a change of time zones causes biological rhythms to be out of step with local time |
| daydreaming | a form of consciousness involving fantacies, usually spontaneous, that occurs while a person is awake |
| nonREM | Sleep stages 1, 2, 3, and 4; NREM sleep consists primarily of Stages 3 and 4 early in the night and Stage 2 later on |
| REM rebound | An increase in the typical amount of REM sleep following reduction in REM sleep |
| polysomnograph | Instrument that amplifies and records signals associated with biological changes taken during a night in the sleep laboratory |
| slow-wave sleep | Deep sleep of NREM stages 3 and 4, characterized by delta waves |
| insomnia | Complaints of difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, frequent awakenings, or poor-quali |
| hypersomnia | Sleep disorders characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness |
| narcolepsy | Sleep disorders characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and atacks of muscle weakness induced by emotion; the symptoms are due to intrusion of REM sleep into waking time |
| sleep apnea | Sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep; most prevalent in older, overweight males |
| parasomnias | Sleep disorders, other than insomnia and hypersomnia, which occur more frequently in children and often disappear without treatment |
| sleepwalking | A parasomnia that occurs during Stage 4 sleep, most often consists of sitting up in bed |
| sleep terror | Partial awakening from Stage 4 sleep characterized by loud screams and extreme physiological arousal |
| SIDS | Unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant up to age I that is not explained by autopsy, medical case information, or an investigation of death scene |
| dissociation | Splitting of conscious awareness that is believed to play a role in hypnotic pain reduction |
| substance abuse | Pattern of substance use that has detrimental effects on a person's health and safety and on social and occupational roles |
| tolerance | Need for increasing dosages of a drug to achieve the same effect as earlier doses |
| withdrawal | Changes in behavior, cognition, and physiology that occur when stopping or reducing the heavy and prolonged use of a psychoactive substance |
| hypnosis | State of heightened susceptibility to suggestions |
| psychoactive substance | Chemicals that affect consciousness, perception, mood, and behavior |
| latent content | According to Freud, the deeper underlying meaning of a dream, connected by symbols to the manifest content |
| manifest content | According to Freud, the dream as reported by the dreamer |
| activation-synthesis hypothesis | Explanation of dreams that suggests that they result when the cortex seeks to explain the high level of neural activity occurring during REM sleep |
| substance dependence | More serious pattern of substance use than found in substance abuse; popularly called addiction and often characterized by drug tolerance |
| depressants | Drugs that slow the activity of the central nervous system, including alcohol and barbiturates |
| alcohol | Depressant psychoactive substance, also known as ethyl alcohol or ethanol |
| barbiturates | Depressant drugs that are used to induce sleep but can be deadly when combined with alcohol |
| stimulants | Drugs that increase the activity of the central nervous system |
| amphetimines | Stimulants that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy |
| opioids | Drugs that reduce pain |
| hallucinogens | Drugs that can cause changes in thinking, emotion, self-awareness, and perceptions; these changes are often expressed in hallucinations |
| lysergic acid | Powerful hallucinogen derived from the ergot fungus found on rye |
| PCP | Powerful hallucinogen that can have unpredictable depressant, stimulant, hallucinogenic, or analgesic effects |
| marijuana | Substance derived from the Cannabis sativa plant |
