| A | B |
|---|
| organic compounds | compounds that contain carbon |
| inorganic compound | every compound that is not an organic compound |
| polar molecule | a molecule with regions of partial negative and partail positive charges |
| cohesion | the force of attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | the attraction between the molecules of one substance and the molecules of another substance |
| capillary action/capillarity | the upward movement of a liquid in a tube of narrow diameter |
| carbohydrates | compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| monosaccharides | the simplist carbohydrates (simple sugars) |
| dehydration synthesis | putting sugar molecules together by removing water |
| disaccharide | the molecule formed by joining two simple sugars (double sugar) |
| polysaccharides | several simple sugars are joined by dehydration synthesis, they form _____ |
| polymers | large molecules consisting of chains of repeating sugar units (ei: polysaccharides are sugar polymers) |
| starch | stored excess sugar in the form of polysaccharides |
| hydrolysis | disaccharides and polysaccharides may be broken apart by this process |
| lipid | a substance containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (fat, oil, wax) |
| fatty acid | a molecule that has two parts: a chain of carbon atoms to which hydrogen atoms are bonded and a carboxyl group |
| carboxyl group | consists of one carbon atom that is bonded to one oxygen atom by a double bond and to an OH group |
| saturated fat | fats that are formed from fatty acids with single carbon-to-carbon bonds |
| unsaturated fats | one or more pairs of carbon atoms in the fatty acid molecules are joined together by a double bond or even a triple bond |
| cholesterol | an essential compound found in most animal tissues |
| nucleic acid | a compound that contains phosphorous and nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| nucleotides | the DNA molecule is a long chain of repeating units, called_____, each ______ consists of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base |
| protein | compounds that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (some may conatin sulfur and phosphorous) |
| amino acid | structural units of proteins |
| peptide bond | the bond between two amino acids |
| dipeptide | the resulting molecule of a peptide bond |
| enzyme | a protein substance that is necessary for most of the chemical reactions occuring in living cells (end in -ase) |
| catalyst | a substance that brings about a reaction without being changed itself (ei: enzymes) |
| substrate | the substance that an enzyme acts upon |
| active site | somewhere on the surface of each enzyme there is this region |
