| A | B |
|---|
| cellular respiration | the energy-releasing process |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate (the energy released during cellular respiration that is first "packaged" in molecules of certain compounds) |
| ADP | adenosine diphosphate (when the third phosphate is removed from ATP, this is the remaining molecule) |
| oxidation | any chemical change in which an atom or a molecule loses electrons |
| reduction | gaining electrons |
| oxidation-reduction reaction | a reaction in which one substance is oxidized and another substance is reduced |
| aerobic respiration | respiration requiring free oxygen (glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water) |
| anaerobic respiration | respiration without oxygen (the cell recieves little of the chemical energy in the glucose) |
| glycolysis | the process of breaking down the glucose molecule into two three-carbon pyruvic acid molecules (occurs in the cytoplasm, does not use oxygen, makes 4 ATP molecules, uses 2 ATP molecules=Net 2 ATP) |
| fermentation | when glycolysis is followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid to some end product with no further release of energy |
| Krebs cycle | the series of chemical reactions that begin with acetyl CoA formed from pyruvic acid (happens in the mitochondria, uses oxygen, makes 2 ATP molecules) |
| electron transport chain | a highly organized system of enzymes and coenzymes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (occurs in the mitochondria, uses oxygen, produces 34 ATP molecules) |
| chemiosmosis | most of the ATP made by aerobic respiration is produced in this process |
