| A | B |
|---|
| valence electrons | electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| ion | an atom that has become charged due to the loss or gain of electrons |
| reactant | substance that enters into a chemical reaction |
| product | substance made by a chemical reaction |
| ionic bonding | bonding that involves the transfer of electrons |
| ionization energy | energy required for removing electrons and forming ions |
| electron affinity | tendency of an atom to attract electrons |
| covalent bonding | bonding that involves the sharing of electrons |
| electron dot diagram | diagram that uses the chemical symbol for an element surrounded by a series of dots to represent the valence electrons that element has |
| diatomic element | element whose atoms can form covalent bonds with another atom of the same element |
| molecule | two or more atoms that combine as a result of a covalent bond |
| metallic bonding | bond formed by atoms of metals |
| oxidation number | number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares when it forms chemical bonds |
| synthesis reaction | chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a new, more complex substance |
| decompostion reaction | chemical reaction in which a complex substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances |
| single replacement reaction | chemical reaction in which an uncombined element replaces an element that is part of a compound |
| double replacement reaction | chemical reaction in which different atoms in two different compounds replace each other |
| exothermic reaction | chemical reaction in which energy is released |
| endothermic reaction | chemical reaction in which energy is absorbed |
| activation energy | energy required for a chemical reaction to occur |
| kinetics | study of the rates of chemical reactions |
| collision theory | theory that relates collisions among particles to reaction rate |
| catalyst | substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction |
| inhibitor | substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction |
