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| taxonomy | the branch of biology that deals with the classification and naming of living things |
| kingdom | a group of related phyla; the largest category in classification systems |
| phylum | one of the largest or most inclusive groups within a kingdom |
| class | a group of related orders |
| order | a group of related families |
| family | a group of related genera |
| genus | a group of related species |
| species | a group of organisms that are structurally similar and that pass these similarities on to their offspring |
| binomial nomenclature | two-word system for naming an organism |
| theory of evolution | theory of gradual change in species over time |
| phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species or a group of organisms |
| Archaebacteria | the kingdom of organisms with no peptidoglycan cell walls--prokaryotes |
| Eubacteria | the kingdom of prokaryotic organisms with peptdoglycans in the cell wall |
| Protista | the kingdom with animal-like, plant-like, or fungus-like prototoa |
| Fungi | the heterotrophic kingdom of eukaryotes that reproduce by sexual or asexual reproduction by means of spores |
| Plantae | the photosynthetic kingdom that contains plastids in the cell walls and reproduces sexually or asexually |
| Bryophyta | a division that does not have true leaves, stems, or roots; live in moist areas; and lack a vascular system |
| Tracheophyta | a division that has a vascular system, leaves, stems, and roots |
| Filicinae | a class of ferns that reproduce by spores |
| Gymnospermae | a class of evergreens that reproduces by naked seeds |
| Angiospermae | a class of flowering plants with covered seeds |
| Animalia | a kingdom of heterotrophic, multicellular organisms with specialized tissues, no cell walls, and mainly reproduce sexually |
| Porifera | the phylum with spounges that reproduce sexually and asexually |
| Cnidaria (formerly Coelenterata) | the phylum including hydra and jellyfish |
| Platyhelminthes | the phylum with flat worms (have tentacles for stinging) |
| Nematoda | the phylum with round worms |
| Annelida | the phylum with segmented worms |
| Molluska | the phylum with mollusks |
| Bivalvia | the class with 2-shelled organisms (ie: clams, scallops) |
| Gastropoda | the class with one-shelled organisms (ie: snails) |
| Cephalopoda | the class with no-shelled mollusks (ie: squid, octopus) |
| Arthropoda | the phylum with arthropods which have segmented bodies with paired, jointed appendages and an exoskeleton composed of chitin |
| Crustacae | the clss with crustaceans (ie: crayfish, lobster, crabs) |
| Chilopoda | the class with centipedes |
| Diplopoda | the class with millipedes |
| Arachnida | the class with spiders (including the horseshoe crab) |
| Insecta | the class including insects (ie: flies, beetles, bees) |
| Echinodermata | the phylum with spiney skinned animals (ie: starfish, sea urchin) |
| Chordata | the phylum of organisms that have a dorsal nerve |
| Vertebrata | the subphylum of organisms with a dorsal nerve enclosed in a backbone |
| Chondrichthyes | the class with cartilagenous fish (ie: sharks) |
| Osteichthyes | the class of bony fish (ie: perch, trout, salmon) |
| Amphibia | the class of organisms that live part on land and part in water (ie: frogs, salamanders) |
| Reptilia | the class of reptiles which are cold blooded and live on land (ie: snakes, lizards) |
| Aves | the class with birds |
| Mammalia | the class with mammals --body hair, give birth to live young, produce milk, have a four-chambered heart, and are warmblooded |
