| A | B |
|---|
| cell cycle | each round of growth and cell division |
| mitosis | the process by which the nucleus divides to make two nuclei |
| cytokinesis | the process when the cytoplasm divides into two parts |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction involving one parent |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction involving srecial reproductive cells |
| chromatin | twisted threads where DNA is located |
| histones | small groups of proteins around which DNA is wrapped to form chromatin |
| chromosomes | rodlike structures in cells that undergo division and that contain hereditary information of the organism |
| interphase | the stage of the cell reproductive cycel lasting from the end of one mitotic cycle to the beginning of the next |
| centrioles | two tiny, cylidnrical bodies that lie at right angles to each other and replicate during interphase to form two pairs |
| prophase | the phase of mitosis where the doubled chromosomes become visible as long threads that coil and contract into thick rods |
| chromatid | each strand of doubled chromosomes |
| centromere | the region where the chromatids connect |
| spindle | a football shaped structure of microtubules |
| asters | star-shaped structuresof extended microtubules from the centrioles |
| metaphase | the stage in mitosis where the centromeres of the doubled chromosomes are lined up on the equator |
| anaphase | the stage of mitosis where the duplicate chromosomes move to opposite poles |
| telophase | the stage in mitosis when the chromosomes uncoil, get longer, and slowly take on the threadlike appearance of chromatin |
| cell plate | a structure formed during cytokinesis in a plant cell that divides the cell in half, forming part of the new cell wall of the daughter cells |
| cyclin | protein that regulates the cell cycle |
| binary fission | a simple form of asexual reproduction where the parent organism divides into two parts that are about equal |
| budding | a type of asexual reproduction in which the parent organism divides into two unequal parts |
| spores | single, specialized cells that are produced by certain organisms--can germinate a new organism |
| regeneration | the ability of an orgainsm to regrow lost body parts |
| vegetative reproduction | the process in which undifferentiated plant cells first divide mitotically and then differentiate to produce an independant plant; vegetative propagation |
| bulb | a short underground stem surrounded by thick, fleshy leaves that contain stored food |
| corm | short, stout underground stems that contain stored food |
| tuber | an enlarged part of an underground stem that contains stored food |
| runner | a stem that grows sideways and has buds |
| rhizome | a stem that grows sideways underground |
| cutting | any vegetative part of a plant used to produce a new individual |
| layering | a stem is bent over so that part of it is covered with soil |
| grafting | a stem or bud is removed from one plant and joined permanently to the stem of a closely related plant |
