| A | B |
|---|
| gemetes | specialized sex cells |
| fertilization | the fusion of the nuclei of the male and female gametes |
| meiosis | a kind of cell division that results in gametes with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| somatic cells | body cells |
| homologous chromosomes | the chromosomes that make up each pair |
| haploid | cells that have only one chromosome from each pair (n) |
| diploid | cells that have all the homologous chromosomes that are characteristic of the species (2n) |
| synapsis | the pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis |
| tetrad | each group of four chromatids |
| disjunction | the separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis |
| conjunction | the type of sexual process most commonly found among simple organisms |
| zygospore | a zygote covered by a thick, protective wall |
| gonads | in animals, the specialized organs in which gametes develop |
| ovaries | female gonads |
| ova | egg cells--the ovaries produce these as the female gametes |
| testes | the male gonads |
| sperm cells | the male gametes produced by the testes |
| hermaphrodites | an individual with both testes and ovaries |
| gametogenesis | the process by which the gametes develop in the gonads |
| oogenesis | the formation of eggs in the ovaries |
| spermatogenesis | the formation of sperm in the testes |
| ootid | during the second meiotic division, the secondary oocyte divides unequally into a large cell |
| spermatogonia | immature sperm cells |
| external fertilization | the gametes fuse outside the body of the female |
| internal fertilization | the gametes fuse inside the body of the female |
| parthenogenesis | the development of an unfertilized egg into an adult animal without fusion with the sperm |
