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| Define: Bology | The study of life. |
| Define: Science | A process of learning abour nature by observation and experiments as well a collection of knowledge and insights about nature. |
| List the basic steps in the "Scientific Method": | 1) Formulate the Hypothesis; 2) Perform experiment; 3) Provide a "control" in the experiment which is "a comparative condition in an experiment in which no variable are introduce" 4) Draw a conclusion if your hypothesis is true or false. |
| Define: Critical Variable | The primary thing that an experiment is actually testing for. |
| Define: Control | It is a comparative condition in experiment in which no variable are introduced. |
| List the "characteristan of life | 1) can assimulate and use energy; 2) can respond to their environment; 3) can maintain a relatively constant internal environment; 4) Posses an inherited information basis encoded in DNA; 5) are composed of one or more cells; 6) evolved from other living things; and 7) are highly organized compared to inaninate object (things are are "non-living - not alive". |
| Define: Chemistry | Is the science which studies matter and the conversion of one form of matter into another form. |
| Define: Element | A substance which can degraded no further by oridinary chemical methods. |
| Define: Compound | A substance composed of two or more elements, it can be chemically degraded (broken down into) into thses elements. |
| Define: Atom | Building block of all matter, it is the smallest part of an element or compound which can cause a chemical reaction. |
| Define: Molecule | Composed of Two or more atoms, it is the smallest portion of an element or compound which can still exist in another element or compound. |
| Define: Isotope | A form of an element as defined by the number of nuetrons contain in its nucleus, differnet isotopes of an element have varying numbers of neutron but the same numbers protons. |
| Define: Symbol | One ot two letters abbreviated (make shorter and easier to identify) for the name of an element, first letter is always capitalized - names derived from ancient Greek or Latin or "Latinized" modern language examples: Na = sodium; Fe = Iron (Fe a latin word). |
| Defien: Chemical Formula | uses symbols and numeric subscipts to indicate the chemcial compound or salt exzamples: H2O (water) ---> Two Hydrogen + One oxygen. |
| Define: Chemical Equation | Symbols or chemical formulas to show the action in which there is chemical change. |
| Defien: Ionic Bonding | A linkage in which two or more ions are bonded to each other by virtue of thir opposite change. |
| Define: Colalent bonding | A type of chemical bound in which two atoms are linked through a sharing of electrons. |
| Define: Polar Compound | Are compounds that have a bond in which the bonding electrons are attracted somewhat more strongly by one atom than by the other. |
| Why are "Polar compounds" like water so important? | Polar compounds like water are so important because they are a basic staple (SOMETHING LIVING THINGS NEEDS TO LIVE) in life. (in other words, polar compounds form substance that we need - like water). |
| Define: Hydrocarbon | A compound that contains only "hydrogen" and "carbon". |
| What is the general chemical formula for "alchol"? | CH3OH [in words: Carbon and Hydrogen(3 of them) and hydroxide (OH)]. |
| What is the general formula for an "amino acid"? | NH2 (in words: Nitrogen and Hydrogen (two of them). |
| Definition: Structure of Proteins and their usw: | Macromolecules of two or more chains of amino acids termed "Polypeptides" - the amino acids linked together by a process termed "Peptide Bonding" - the polypepetides are linded together together by "Hydrogen Ion Bonding". |
| Define: Carbohydrate | An organic molecule that always contqains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and that, in many instances, containsn nothing but carbon, oxgyen, and hydrogen - Carborhydrates usually contain exactly twice as many hydrogen atoms that as oxygen atoms - They are sugar, starch, glycogen (animal starch) and cellulose. |
| Define: Lipids | A class of biological molecules whose defining characteristics is their relative insolubility (does not dissolve) in water. |
| What are lipids used for? | Lipids are used to form fatty acids - used to store energy or a source of energy in animals. |
| Define: Hydrophobic | Property of a compound indicating that it will not interact with water - "oil" is a hydrophobic and will not readily dissolve in water. |
| Define: Hydrophilic | Property of a copound indication that it will interact with water - Table salt (NaCL), which dissolves readily in water is hydrophilic. |
| Define: Base | Any substance that accepts hydrogen ions in solution - a base has a number higher that 9 on the ph scale. |
| Define: Acid | Any substance that yields hydrogen ions when insolution - an acid has a number lower than 7 on the ph scale. |
| Define: Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substance in the same phase (gas, liquid, or solid) - frequently, solutions consist of a solute dissolved in water, and these are the "aqueous solutions". |
| Define: Solute | The ingredient being dissolved in a solvent to form a solution - for example, sugar is the solute in the sugar-water nectar. |
| Define: Solvent | The substances in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution - in aqueous solution, the solvent is water. |
| What is another term for a basic solution? | A soltion that is basic is referenced to as "alkaine". |
| Name Two "nuclei acids": | They are RNA and DNA. |
| Why is DNA important? | It is important because it contains the "genetic codes" to pass on to offspring of a given specie of animal. |
| What is the formula for an "organic compouned"? | It is "4 to 22 carbons and ends in COOH group. |
