| A | B |
|---|
| sex chromosomes | the two unmatched chromosomes |
| autosomes | other homologous chromosomes |
| X chromosome | female gametes contain one _____ |
| Y chromosome | one of the two types of sex chromosomes that makes a male a male |
| sex-linked trait | a trait that is controlled by a gene found on the sex chromosome |
| colorblindness | a condition which the individual cannot percieve certain colors, usually red and green |
| linkage group | all of the genes that are on the same chromosome make this up |
| crossing-over | the process in which pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged during synapsis in the first meiotic division |
| multiple gene inheritance | when two or more independant genes affect one characteristic |
| deoxyribose | 5-carbon sugar |
| adenine | a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA (bonds with thymine in DNA) |
| guanine | a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA (bonds with cytosine in DNA) |
| thymine | a nitrogenous base found in DNA (bonds with adenine in DNA) |
| cytosine | a nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA (bonds with guanine in DNA) |
| nucleotide | a sugar, phosphate, and one of the four nitrogen-containing bases |
| double helix | the shape of DNA (like a twisted staircase) |
| one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis | each gene directs the synthesis of a particular polypeptide chain |
| uracil | a nitrogen base that takes the place of thymine in RNA |
| messenger RNA | a strand of RNA that copies a genetic message from DNA |
| transcription | the copying of a genetic message into a molecule of mRNA |
| codon | each group of three bases on the mRNA that specifies an amino acid |
| transfer RNA | the type of RNA that carries a particular amino acid to mRNA at the ribosome in protein synthesis |
| anticodon | a sequence of three bases that are the compliments of an mRNA codon |
| ribosomal RNA | a type of RNA transcribed from the DNA in the nucleus and found in the ribosomes |
| translation | the process by which the information coded in RNA is used for the assmebly of a particular amino acid sequence |
| operon | in prokaryotes, the promoter, the operator, and their associated structural genes |
| intron | a segment of DNA that does not code for amino acids of a protein |
| enhancer | a section of DNA that controls the access of the enzyme to the promoter |
| homeotic genes | these control the key events in the development of a fruit fly |
| oncongenes | genes that cause some kinds of cancer |
