| A | B |
|---|
| active transport | the process by which cells use energy to tranport molecules through the cell membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration |
| aerobic respiration | respiration carried out in the presence of free oxygen, in which glucose is oxidized into carbon dioxide and water |
| amino acid | one of the building blocks of protein |
| anaerobic respiration | respiration in the absence of free oxygen where glucose is not completely oxidized |
| cell | the basic unit of structure and function that makes up all organisms |
| cell membrane | thin, flexible boundary between the cell and the environment |
| plasma membrane | thin boundary between the cell and its environment |
| cell wall | In plants and some bacteria, it surrounds the cell membrane to provide protection and support |
| chemosynthesis | form of autotrophic nutrition in which energy for synthesizing organic compounds is obtained from inorganic compounds rather than light |
| chloroplast | In plants, the green organelle that contains chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place |
| chromosome | a thick, thread-like structure that contains genetic information in the form of DNA |
| cilia | hair-like structures on the surface of a cell that aids in movement |
| circulatory system | system of the body that moves materials(oxygen and carbon dioxide) between parts of the body |
| cytoplasm | the jelly-like substance that is between the cell membrane and the nucleus that contains the organelles |
| cell division | the process by which a cell divides in two |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| endocrine system | various hormone prducing glands that secrete substances directly into the blood |
| eukaryote | cells that contain nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| excretory system | system of the body that removes waste |
| fermentation | form of anaerobic respiration |
| flagella | a whip-like structure on the surface of a cell that allows movement |
| homeostasis | the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment |
| hypertonic | solution in which the concentration of dissolved solids is higher outside the cell than inside - causes the cell the shrink |
| hypotonic | solution in which the concentration of dissolved solids is lower outside the cell than inside - causes the cell the swell |
| isotonic | solution in which the concentration of dissolved solids is the same outside the cell and inside |
| mitochondria | pod shaped organelle in cells where the respiration reaction takes place = releasing energy from nutrients |
| mitosis | the process that divides the cells nucleus in two, each with a complete set of genetic material from the parent cell |
| muscular system | system of the body where the tissue contracts and expands when stimulated, and allows for movement in the body |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule that carries the instructions for cells |
| nucleus | large structure inside cells that controls the cell's processes, and contains DNA |
| organ | body structure made of different kinds of tissue combined to perform a specific task |
| organ system | several organs working together to perform a specific task |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across a membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| phospholipid | components that make up the plasma membrane with a polar head and nonpolar tail |
| photosynthesis | the process where light energy is used to make organic molecules(glucose) from carbon dioxide and water |
| polarity | property of a molecule meaning it has a positive end and negative end |
| prokaryote | cell that contains no nucleus or membrane bound organelles. |
| reproductive system | system of the body that allows the organism to produce new organisms of the same type |
| ribosome | tiny structures in a cell that manufacture proteins |
| Schleidan & Schwann | scientists that developed Cell Theory |
| tissue | group of cells working together to perform a certain function |
| tugor pressure | pressure inside plant cells that keeps structure of the cell. When tugor pressure decreases the plant wilts. |
| unicellular | organism made of only on cell |
| multicellular | organism made of many cells |
| autotroph | organism that produces its own food source; source of energy for all other living things on earth |
| heterotroph | organism that cannot make its own food; it must consume another organism for energy |
| binary fission | the simplest form of asexual reproduction, in which the parent organism divides into 2 equal parts |
| asexual reproduction | method of reproduction in which all the genes passed on to the offspring come from a single individual |
| sexual reproduction | method of reproduction that involves two parents to produce offspring that are genetically different from either parent. |
