| A | B |
|---|
| Types of Rocks | Igenous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic |
| Igneous | Rocks formed of molten magma deep within the Earth of from lava above the surface. |
| Sedimentary | Made up of small pieces that broke off of Igneous rock. |
| Metamorphic | Forms when rocks experience tremendous heat and pressure. |
| Marble | Example of Metamorphic. |
| Sandstone | Example of Sedimentary. |
| Granite | Example of Igneous. |
| The Rock Cycle | Rocks changing into a different type of rock. |
| Sediment | Material that settles at the bottom of a liquid. |
| Weathering | Rocks broken down into smaller pieces. |
| 2 Types of weathering | Mechanical and Chemical |
| Mechanical weathering | Rocks broken apart by force such as wind blowing agains sand. |
| Chemical weathering | Changes the minerals with the rock that cause the rock to crumble. |
| Horizontally | Sediments fall and lay down to form sedimentary rocks. |
| How sedimentary rocks form | Sediments are cemented together. |
| How igneous rocks form | Cooling of molten lava or magma. |
| How metamorphic rocks form | Extreme heat or pressure. |
| Minerals | Solid chemical substances formed in the Earth's crust. |
| Physical property | Characteristic that can be observed. |
| Geologist | Scientist who studies the Earth. |
| Hardness | Measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. |
| Streak | The poweder trail left by a mineral. |
| Luster | The kind of shine a mineral has when light strikes it. |
| Crystal | Visible shape of a mineral's atom pattern. |
| Intrusive | Igneous rock formed by coolong magma inside the Earth. |
| Extrusive | Igneous rock formed on the Earth's surface from lava. |
| X-rays | used to look inside minerals. |
| Crystal systems | classes of crystals |
| Halite | Rock salt |
| Quartz | What most ocean beaches are made out of |
| Pyrite | Fool's gold |
| Chalcopyrite | Source of copper |
| Muscovite | Mica |
| Habits | the different shapes and sizes of crystals are called this. |
| Geode | Rocks that have a cavity filled with crystals. |
| Mohs Scale | Used to rate how hard 10 minerals are considered |
| Talc | Softest mineral, Mohs 1 |
| Diamond | Hardest mineral, Mohs 10 |
| Minerals can scratch minerals | that have a lower Mohs rating |
| Gypsum | Mohs 2 |
| Calcite | Mohs 3 |
| Fluorite | Mohs 4 |
| Apatite | Mohs 5 |
| Orthoclase | Mohs 6 |
| Quartz | Mohs 7 |
| Topaz | Mohs 8 |
| Corundum | Mohs 9 |
| Texture | How mineral feels |
| Words to describe a mineral's luster | Glassy, metallic, shiny, dull, waxy, satiny, or greasy |
| Words to describe a mineral's texture | Rough, bumpy, smooth or soapy |
| Geode | rock with a cavity filled with crystals |
| Geology | the study of the physical structure of earth and history of earth |
| Mineralology | Uses a microscope to study rocks |
| Petrology | Studies the composition of rocks |
| 3 Parts of the Earth | Core, Mantle and Crust |
