| A | B |
|---|
| cell theory | cells are the basic units of life, all organisms are made of one or more cells, and all cells arise from preexisting cells |
| Anton von Leeuwenhoek | made one of the first microscopes, first person to observe and describe microscopic organisms and living cells |
| Robert Hooke | described empty chambers of cork as cells |
| Matthias Scheiden | concluded all plants independeant and separated beings |
| Theodor Schwann | reported all animals made of cells and proposed a cellualr basis for all life |
| Rudold Virchow | said animal only arises from animal, plant only from plant |
| cell membrane | thin layer of lipid and protein that separates the cell's contents from the world around it |
| bilayer | two phospholipid layers that the cell membrane consists of |
| hydrophilic | water loveing |
| hydrophobic | water fearing |
| is the head hydrophilic or hydrophobic? the tail? | head - philic, tail - phobic |
| fluid mosaic model | called this because the membrane is fluid with a mosaic of proteins |
| nucleus | the control center of the cell |
| chromosomes | in the nucleus, contain coded "blueprints" that conrtol all cellular activity |
| nucleoli | make ribosomes, which in turn build proteins |
| prokaryotes | organisms whose cells never contain a nucleus |
| eukaryotes | organisms whos cells always or usually contain a nucleus or nuclei |
| cytoplasm | everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus |
| organelles | structures that work like miniature organs, carrying out specific functions in the cell |
| ribosomes | some free in cytoplasm, others line the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | makes poisons, wastes, and other toxic chemicals harmless and transports materials through cell. an extensive network of membranes that connect the nuclear envelope to the cell membrane |
| Rough ER | studded with ribosomes and processes proteins |
| Smooth ER | no ribosomes, processes lipids and carbohydrates |
| Golgi Apparatus | packages and secretes cell products. series of flat, membrane-bound sacs arranged like a stack of pancakes. |
| mitochondria | releases energy in good. conatins folded inner membrane |
| ATP | energy storing molecule of the cell |
| lysosomes | enzymes that form from pinched off pieces of the Golgi apparatus that digest food particles |
| about how many cells are in a baby? in an adult? | 2 tirillion/ 70-100 trillion |
| Y/N answers Cell Membrane | y/y/y |
| Y/N answers Cell Wall | y/n/y |
| Y/N answers Nucleus | n/y/y |
| Y/N answers Chromosomes | one/many/many |
| Y/N answers Ribosomes | y(small)/y(large)/Y(large) |
| Y/N answers Endoplasmic reticulum | N/Y/Y |
| Y/N answers golgi apparatus | n/y/y |
| Y/N answers lysosomes | n/y/y |
| Y/N answers vacuoles | n/small or none/y |
| Y/N answers Mitochondria | n/y/y |
| Chloroplasts | n/n/y |
| cytoskeleton | flagella only/y/y |
| chloroplast | a common kind of plastid, an organelle that converts sunlight, co2, and water into sugars |
| cytoskeleton | maintains 3-d structure of the cell and helps the cell move |
| microtubules | 2 functions: to maintain the shape of teh cell and to serve as tracks for organelles to move along w.in the cell. hollow shape. |
| cilia | type of microtubules. short, hairlike projections |
| flagella | type of microtubules, long, whiplike projections |
| microfilaments | contract, cause movement. not hollow, rope-like structure |
| semipermeable membrane | only allows certain molecules to pass through |
| diffusion | the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| concentration gradient | the difference between the concentration of a particular molecule in one area and the concentration in an adjacent area |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane |
| hypertonic solution | the concentration of solutes in higher than the concentration of solutes inside the cell |
| hypotonic solution | the concentration of solutes in lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell |
| isotonic solution | the concentration of solutes equals the concentration of solutes inside the cell |
| facilitated diffusion | the use of carrier proteins for diffusion |
| active transport | when energy is used to transport molecules across the membrane |
| bulk transport | large molecules, food, and other substances are packaged in membrane-bound sacs and moved across the membrane |
| endocytosis | type of bulk transport. cell membrane folds into a pouch and encloses particle |
| pinocytosis | type of bulk transport, type of endocytosis. "cell drinking." cell memb. encloses a droplet of fluid and brings into cell |
| phagocytosis | type of bulk transport., type of endocytosis. cell engulfs food particle |
| exocytosis | type of bulk transport. wastes and cell products leave the cell |
