| A | B |
|---|
| Prince of Wales | title given to eldest son of King of England |
| Hundred Years' War | war between France & England |
| longbow | could pierce armor at 300 yds. |
| portable cannon | tube mounted on pole |
| Joan of Arc | French heroine; led to national unification |
| Charles VII | French King; "sold out" Joan of Arc |
| War of Roses | English internal strife over monarchy |
| Henry VII | founded British House of Tudor |
| Reconquista | reconquering of Spain |
| Ferdinand | King during Reconquista |
| Isabella | financed Columbus |
| Babylonian Captivity | time when Catholic Church was under control of French King |
| Great Schism | time when Catholic Church had 2 and 3 popes |
| Avignon | French city; also hope of popes "in captivity" |
| simony | selling of high Church positions |
| indulgences | "buying" people out of Purgatory and into Heaven |
| Purgatory | "holding tank" for people before going to Heaven |
| John Wycliffe | English church critic |
| Jan Hus | Czech reformer; killed by Church officials |
| Crusades | holy wars designed to recapture Holy Lands from Infidels |
| Seljuk Turks | Muslims; refused to allow Jews and Christians in Holy Land |
| Urban II | religious leader who called for 1st Crusade |
| Jerusalem | holy city of Jews, Christians, Muslims |
| Venice & Genoa | Italian cities on Adriatic Sea; became rich because of Crusades |
| Peter the Hermit | led unofficial crusade; rabble; slaughtered at Jerusalem |
| melons and oranges | fruits which returning crusaders first brought to northern Europe |
| magnetic compass | aided sea transportation |
| tapestries and silks | returning crusaders brought these fabric items |
| Muhammad | died in Jerusalem |
| salvation | promised to crusaders if Holy Land were free from the infidels |
| infidel | term referring to unfaithful ones |
| Jews | also persecuted by Christians as a result of crusades |
| antisemitism | anti-Jewish sentiment |
| Childrens' Crusade | sold into slavery at Mediterranean coast; unsuccessful crusade |
| money economy | replaced barter system of early Middle Ages |
| merchant guild | maintained monopoly of trade for members; uniform pricing |
| master | fully trained craftsman |
| apprentice | 1st step in medieval vocational training |
| journeyman | 2nd step in medieval vocational training |
| charter | cities could govern themselves |
| scholasticism | used reason and faith to interpret Christian doctrine |
| troubadour | traveling poet-musician |
| vernacular | spoken language of the area |
| Thomas Aquinas | theologian; stressed reason to understand religious concepts |
| chivalry | life-style of nobles and knights |
| epic | long narrative story of a hero |
| romance | songs about knights and ladies sung by troubadours |
| fable | fun stories involving animals, a moral - liked by peasants |
| chansons de geste | French songs of chivalry |
| classical languages | Latin and Greek |
| illumination | decorated pages of medieval books |
| stained-glass windows | visual religious instruction in churches |
| The Divine Comedy | Dante's tale (Italian) describing a journey from hell to heaven |
| Beowulf | first English novel |
| craft guild | union having struct rules for prices, wages and employment |
| university | founded for education outside of monasteries |
| crypt | are of church underneath the choir |
| choir | area of church with altar |
| nave | section of church were most of the worshippers are found |
| transcept | section of a church between nave and choir |
| rose window | large, round window of strained glass |
| gothic | cathedral style with large, stained glass windows and soaring roofs |
| flying buttress | outside support for walls of Gothic cathedral |
| gargoyle | decorated drain spoit on Gothic buildings |
| romanesque | architectural style of cathedrals before Middle Ages |
| medieval "life insurance" | only available through craft guild; took care of family in case of death/injury |
