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| access control | A method to impose controls over which users are permitted to access network resources, usually based on permissions specifically granted to a user account or to some group the user belongs. |
| account | the collection of information known about a user, including an account name, an associated password, and a set of access permissions for network resources. |
| account name | A string of letters, numbers or other characters that names a particular users account on a network. |
| application server | A speciliazed network server whose job it is to provide access to a client/server application and sometimes the data that belongs to that application as well. |
| centralized administration | A way of controlling access to network resources and managing network setup and configuration data, from a single point of access and control. Windows NT Server's domain controller provides this capability. |
| client | A computer on a network that requests resources or services from another computer. |
| client/server | A model for computing in which some computers request services (the clients) and others respond to these requests for services (services). |
| client /server relationship | Applications may sometimes be devided across the network, so that a client -side component runs on the user's machine and supplies request and display services, while a server -side component runs on a application server and handles data processing or other computational intensive services on the users behave. |
| combination network | A network that incorporates both peer-to-peer and server based activities. |
| communication server | A speciialized nework server that provides access to resources on the network for users not directly attached to the network or that permits network users to access external resources not directly attached to the network. |
| CPU | An abbreviation for Central Processing Unit, this refers to the collection of circuitry (a single chip on most PCs) that supplies the "brains" for most computers. |
| dedicated server | A network server that acts only as a server and is not intended for regular use as a client machine. |
| desktop software | Some times called client software or productivity applications, this type of software is what users run on their computers (which are usually on the desktop, or at least , the monitor and the keyboard. |
| device sharing | One of the primary justifications for networking is to permit users to share access to devices of all kinds , including servers and periferals such as printers or plotters. |
| directory server | A specilized server whose job is to respond to requests for specific resources, services, users, groups and so on. this kind of server is more commonly called a domain controller in Windows NT Server networking environments. |
| domain | A uniquely named collection of user accounts and resources that share a common database. |
| domain controller | On aWindows NT Server based network, the domain controller is a directory server that also provides access controls over users, accounts, groups, computers and other network resources. |
| domin model | A Windows NT Server- based network whose security and access controls reside in a domain controller. |
| e-mail | An abbreviation for electronic mail, this refers to a networked application that permits users to send text messages, with or without attachments of many kinds, to individuals or multiple users, or to named groups of users. |
| Ethernet | A networking technology developed in the 1970s, ethernet is governed by IEEE 802.3 specification and remains the most popular type of networking technology in use today. |
| Exchange Server | A backOffice component from Microsoft that acts as a sophisticated e-mail server. |
| fax server | A specialized network server that can send and receive faxes on behalf of the user community that it supports, receive incoming faxes from phone lines and direct them to users across the network, as well as accept outgoing faxes across the network and redirect them out over a telephone line. |
| file and print server | The most common type of network server ( not considered a specialized server), it provides file storage and retrieval services across the network, and handles print jobs on behalf of its user community. |
| File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | A TCP/IP-based networked file transfer application, with an associated protocol, thats widly used on the Internet to copy files from one machine on a network to another. |
| Gopher | A TCP/IP-based network application with an associated protocol, that provides a consistent , menu-driven interface to a variety of Internet files and and information resources of many kinds, including text and information files, FTP based resources and more. |
| group | A named collection of user accounts, usually created for some specific purpose (for example, the Accounting group might be the only named entity to use a bookkeeping application). |
| hybrid network | see combination network |
| Internet | The global collection of networked computers that began with technology and equipment funded by the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1970s that today links millions of computers worldwide. |
| Internet Information Service (IIS) | A Microsoft Backofice component that acts as a web server in the Windows NT Server invironment. |
| internetwork | a network of networks that consists of two or more physical networks. Unlike a WAN an internetwork may reside in only a single location. Because it includes to many computers or spans to much distance, an internet work cannot fit within th scope of a single LAN. |
| intranets | An in house TCP/IP-based network , for use within a company. |
| IPX/SPX | an abbreviation for internetwork packet eXchange/sequenced Packet eXchange, this acronym names the set of protocols developed by NOVELL that is most commonly associated with Net Ware but is also supported in Microsoft networks, as well as those from other vendors. |
| ISA | An abbreviation for Industry Standard Architecture, this acronym names the 16-bit PC adapter interface originally developed for the IBM PC/AT, but is now include in nearly every PC on the market today. |
| Local area network (LAN) | A collection of computers and other networked devices that fits within the scope of a singe physical network that provide the building blocks for internetworks and WANs. |
| Locally attached | A quality of a device that is attached to a single computer, rather than a device thats available only over a network ( which may be called network- attached or server -attached, depending on whether it has a built-in network interface or must be attached directly to a server. |
| mail servers | A networked server that manages the flow of e-mail messages for network users. |
| metropolitan area network (MAN) | MANs use WAN technologies to interconnect LANs within a specific geographical region, such as a county or a city. In most cases however, MANs are operated by municipality or a communications carrier; individual organizations must sign up for service and establish a connection to use a MAN. |
| NetBEUI | An abbreviation for NetBIOS Extended User Interface, this acronym names the set of protocols developed by IBM in the 1970s and long used as the primary protocols on IBM and Microsoft networks. Today, NetBEUI is just one of many protocols supported by Windows NT. |
| network adapter | See network interface card (NIC). |
| network administrator | An individual responsible for installing , configuring, and maintaining a network, usually a server-based network such as Windows NT Server. |
| network interface card (NIC) | A PC adapter board designed to permit a computer to be attached to some sort of network medium, the NIC handles the translation of digital information into electrical signals for outgoing network communications and translates incoming signals into their digital equivalent for dilivery to the machine where it's installed. |
